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This thesis contains an investigation of Coquand's Calculus of Constructions, a basic impredicative Type Theory. We review syntactic properties of the calculus, in particular decidability of equality and type-checking, based on the equality-as-judgement presentation. We present a set-theoretic notion of model, CC-structures, and use this to give a new strong normalization proof based on a modification of the realizability interpretation. An extension of the core calculus by inductive types is investigated and we show, using the example of infinite trees, how the realizability semantics and the strong normalization argument can be extended to non-algebraic inductive types. We emphasize that our interpretation is sound for large eliminations, e.g. allows the definition of sets by recursion. Finally we apply the extended calculus to a non-trivial problem: the formalization of the strong normalization argument for Girard's System F. This formal proof has been developed and checked using the...

The modified realizability topos is the semantic (and higher order) counterpart of a variant of Kreisel's modified realizability (1957). These years, this realizability has been in the limelight again because of its possibilities for modelling type theory (Streicher, Hyland-Ong-Ritter) and strong normalization.

this paper we adopt the most popular choice, the internal logic of an elementary topos (with nno), also chosen, e.g., in [23, 8, 26]. The principal benefits are that models of the logic (toposes) are ubiquitous, and the methods for constructing and analysing them are very well-established. For the purposes of the axiomatic part of this paper, we believe that it would also be

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Introduction 1.1 Historical background Early investigators of realizability were interested in metamathematical questions. In keeping with the traditions of the time they concentrated on interpretations of one formal system in another. They considered an ad hoc collection of increasingly ingenious interpretations mainly to establish consistency, independence and conservativity results. van Oosten's contribution to the Workshop (see van Oosten [56] and the extended account van Oosten [57]) gave inter alia an account of these concerns from a modern perspective. (One should also draw attention to realizability used to provide interpretations of Brouwer's theory of Choice Sequences. An early approach is in Kleene Vesley [28]; for modern work in the area consult Moschovakis [35], [36], [37].) In the early days of categorical logic one considered realizability as providing models for constructive mathematics; while the metamathematics could be retrieved by `coding' the mod

. This paper proves the non-derivability of induction in second order dependent type theory (P 2). This is done by providing a model construction for P 2, based on a saturated sets like interpretation of types as sets of terms of a weakly extensional combinatory algebra. We give counter-models in which the induction principle over natural numbers is not valid. The proof does not depend on the specic encoding for natural numbers that has been chosen (like e.g. polymorphic Church numerals), so in fact we prove that there can not be an encoding of natural numbers in P2 such that the induction principle is satised. The method extends immediately to other data types, like booleans, lists, trees, etc. In the process of the proof we establish some general properties of the models, which we think are of independent interest. Moreover, we show that the Axiom of Choice is not derivable in P 2. 1 Introduction In second order dependent type theory, P 2, we can encode all kind...

Abstract. We define a notion of relational linear combinatory algebra (rLCA) which is a generalization of a linear combinatory algebra defined by Abramsky, Haghverdi and Scott. We also define a category of assemblies as well as a category of modest sets which are realized by rLCA. This is a linear style of realizability in a way that duplicating and discarding of realizers is allowed in a controlled way. Both categories form linear-non-linear models and their coKleisli categories have a natural number object. We construct some examples of rLCA’s which have some relations to well known PCA’s. 1

This document provides an introduction to the interaction between category theory and mathematical logic which is slanted towards computer scientists.