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69
A Minimum Description Length Approach to Statistical Shape Modelling
- IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
, 2001
"... We describe a method for automatically building statistical shape models from a training set of exam- ple boundaries / surfaces. These models show considerable promise as a basis for segmenting and interpreting images. One of the drawbacks of the approach is, however, the need to establish a set of ..."
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Cited by 202 (12 self)
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We describe a method for automatically building statistical shape models from a training set of exam- ple boundaries / surfaces. These models show considerable promise as a basis for segmenting and interpreting images. One of the drawbacks of the approach is, however, the need to establish a set of dense correspondences between all members of a set of training shapes. Often this is achieved by locating a set of qandmarks manually on each training image, which is time-consuming and subjective in 2D, and almost impossible in 3D. We describe how shape models can be built automatically by posing the correspondence problem as one of finding the parameterization for each shape in the training set. We select the set of parameterizations that build the best model. We define best as that which min- imizes the description length of the training set, arguing that this leads to models with good compactness, specificity and generalization ability. We show how a set of shape parameterizations can be represented and manipulated in order to build a minimum description length model. Results are given for several different training sets of 2D boundaries, showing that the proposed method constructs better models than other approaches including manual landmarking - the current gold standard. We also show that the method can be extended straightforwardly to 3D.
Automatic construction of 3D statistical deformation models using non-rigid registration
- IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
, 2003
"... Abstract. In this paper we introduce the concept of statistical deformation models (SDM) which allow the construction of average models of the anatomy and their variability. SDMs are build by performing a statistical analysis of the deformations required to map anatomical features in one subject int ..."
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Cited by 161 (8 self)
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Abstract. In this paper we introduce the concept of statistical deformation models (SDM) which allow the construction of average models of the anatomy and their variability. SDMs are build by performing a statistical analysis of the deformations required to map anatomical features in one subject into the corresponding features in another subject. The concept of SDMs is similar to active shape models (ASM) which capture statistical information about shapes across a population but offers several new advantages: Firstly, SDMs can be constructed directly from images such as MR or CT without the need for segmentation which is usually a prerequisite for the construction of active shape models. Instead a non-rigid registration algorithm is used to compute the deformations required to establish correspondences between the reference subject and the subjects in the population class under investigation. Secondly, SDMs allow the construction of an atlas of the average anatomy as well as its variability across a population of subjects. Finally, SDMs take the 3D nature of the underlying anatomy into account by analysing dense 3D deformation fields rather than only the 2D surface shape of anatomical structures. We demonstrate the applicability of this new framework to MR images of the brain and show results for the construction of anatomical models from 25 different subjects. 1
Automatic construction of multiple-object three-dimensional statistical shape models: application to cardiac modelling
- IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
, 2002
"... Abstract—A novel method is introduced for the generation of landmarks for three-dimensional (3-D) shapes and the construction of the corresponding 3-D statistical shape models. Automatic landmarking of a set of manual segmentations from a class of shapes is achieved by 1) construction of an atlas of ..."
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Cited by 83 (10 self)
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Abstract—A novel method is introduced for the generation of landmarks for three-dimensional (3-D) shapes and the construction of the corresponding 3-D statistical shape models. Automatic landmarking of a set of manual segmentations from a class of shapes is achieved by 1) construction of an atlas of the class, 2) automatic extraction of the landmarks from the atlas, and 3) subsequent propagation of these landmarks to each example shape via a volumetric nonrigid registration technique using multiresolution B-spline deformations. This approach presents some advantages over previously published methods: it can treat multiple-part structures and requires less restrictive assumptions on the structure’s topology. In this paper, we address the problem of building a 3-D statistical shape model of the left and right ventricle of the heart from 3-D magnetic resonance images. The average accuracy in landmark propagation is shown to be below 2.2 mm. This application demonstrates the robustness and accuracy of the method in the presence of large shape variability and multiple objects. Index Terms—Atlas, cardiac models, model-based image analysis, nonrigid registration, statistical shape models. I.
3D Statistical Shape Models Using Direct Optimisation of Description Length
, 2002
"... We describea n a26`('9b method for buildingoptima 3D sta22j9b'2 sha e models from sets oftraj'Hj sha es. Althoughsha e models showconsideraj- promisea a bami for segmentingan interpreting imainga ma jordra wba k of theae9`2j h is the need toestaH-69 a dense correspondenceadenc a tran ..."
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Cited by 77 (7 self)
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We describea n a26`('9b method for buildingoptima 3D sta22j9b'2 sha e models from sets oftraj'Hj sha es. Althoughsha e models showconsideraj- promisea a bami for segmentingan interpreting imainga ma jordra wba k of theae9`2j h is the need toestaH-69 a dense correspondenceadenc a trance9 set ofexa')( sha es. It is importa t to esta)`9b the correct correspondence, otherwise poor models ca result. In 2D, thisca be a hieved usingma ua `la9`'-H`9b but in 3D this becomesimpra2`-269 We show it is possible toesta6jH9 correspondences automatically, byca6)22 the correspondence problema one of finding the`optima) paima)9b`2'2)9 of ea hsha e in thetra'-22 set. We describea n explicit representares ofsurfa6 paa6(9b`j"`9a tha ensures the resulting correspondencesad legac ag show how this representaen9ca bemaH('9b2)j to minimise thed933J29-2 length of the tra'H22 set using the model. This results incompaH models with good generab2(-'H9 properties. Resultsas reported for two sets ofbiomedica sha es, showingsignifica t improvement in model propertiescompa9' to thoseobta9j) usinga uniform surfam paam92))559b2'6 1
Evaluation of 3D Correspondence Methods for Model Building
- Information Processing in Medical Imaging (IPMI
, 2003
"... The correspondence problem is of high relevance in the construction and use of statistical models. Statistical models are used for a variety of medical application, e.g. segmentation, registration and shape analysis. In this paper, we present comparative studies in three anatomical structures of ..."
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Cited by 64 (11 self)
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The correspondence problem is of high relevance in the construction and use of statistical models. Statistical models are used for a variety of medical application, e.g. segmentation, registration and shape analysis. In this paper, we present comparative studies in three anatomical structures of four di#erent correspondence establishing methods.
An Extension of the ICP Algorithm for Modeling Nonrigid Objects with Mobile Robots
"... The iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm [2] is a popular method for modeling 3D objects from range data. The classical ICP algorithm rests on a rigid surface assumption. Building on recent work on nonrigid object models [5, 16, 9] , this paper presents an ICP algorithm capable of modeling nonrig ..."
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Cited by 46 (6 self)
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The iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm [2] is a popular method for modeling 3D objects from range data. The classical ICP algorithm rests on a rigid surface assumption. Building on recent work on nonrigid object models [5, 16, 9] , this paper presents an ICP algorithm capable of modeling nonrigid objects, where individual scans may be subject to local deformations. We describe an integrated mathematical framework for simultaneously registering scans and recovering the surface configuration. To tackle the resulting...
Boundary finding with prior shape and smoothness models
- IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell
"... AbstractÐWe propose a unified framework for boundary finding, where a Bayesian formulation, based on prior knowledge and the edge information of the input image (likelihood), is employed. The prior knowledge in our framework is based on principal component analysis of four different covariance matri ..."
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Cited by 36 (2 self)
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AbstractÐWe propose a unified framework for boundary finding, where a Bayesian formulation, based on prior knowledge and the edge information of the input image (likelihood), is employed. The prior knowledge in our framework is based on principal component analysis of four different covariance matrices corresponding to independence, smoothness, statistical shape, and combined models, respectively. Indeed, snakes, modal analysis, Fourier descriptors, and point distribution models can be derived from or linked to our approaches of different prior models. When the true training set does not contain enough variability to express the full range of deformations, a mixed covariance matrix uses a combined prior of the smoothness and statistical variation modes. It adapts gradually to use more statistical modes of variation as larger data sets are available. Index TermsÐBoundary finding, correspondence, statistical shape models, smoothness models, deformable models, prior knowledge, Bayesian formulation. 1
An Information Theoretic Approach to Statistical Shape Modelling
, 2001
"... Statistical shape models have been used widely as a basis for segmenting and interpreting images. A major drawback of the approach is the need to establish a set of dense correspondences across a training set of segmented shapes. By posing the problem as one of minimising the description length ..."
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Cited by 23 (4 self)
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Statistical shape models have been used widely as a basis for segmenting and interpreting images. A major drawback of the approach is the need to establish a set of dense correspondences across a training set of segmented shapes. By posing the problem as one of minimising the description length of the model, we develop an efficient method that automatically defines correspondences across a set of shapes. Results are given for several different training sets of shapes, showing that the automatic method constructs significantly better models than those built by hand - the current gold standard.
Segmentation of the liver using a 3D statistical shape model
, 2004
"... This paper presents an automatic approach for segmentation of the liver from computer tomography (CT) images based on a 3D statistical shape model. Segmentation of the liver is an important prerequisite in liver surgery planning. One of the major challenges in building a 3D shape model from a traini ..."
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Cited by 21 (2 self)
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This paper presents an automatic approach for segmentation of the liver from computer tomography (CT) images based on a 3D statistical shape model. Segmentation of the liver is an important prerequisite in liver surgery planning. One of the major challenges in building a 3D shape model from a training set of segmented instances of an object is the determination of the correspondence between different surfaces. We propose to use a geometric approach that is based on minimizing the distortion of the correspondence mapping between two different surfaces. For the adaption of the shape model to the image data a profile model based on the grey value appearance of the liver and its surrounding tissues in contrast enhanced CT data was developed. The robustness of this method results from a previous nonlinear diffusion filtering of the image data. Special focus is turned to the quantitative evaluation of the segmentation process. Several