©2010 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE. INVITED

Abstract—In a multienergy system, there are different types of dependencies among the energy carriers. Internal dependencies refer to possible changes in the energy source in the presence of energy converters and storage, and are managed by the system operator through the control strategies applied to the equip-ment. External dependencies (EDs) are due to the choice of the energy supply according to customer preferences when alterna-tive solutions are available. This paper introduces a new model of EDs within a multigeneration representation based on energy hubs. EDs are addressed through a stochastic model in order to take into account the possible uncertainty in the customers ’ deci-sions. This model is then used to introduce carrier-based demand response (DR) in which the user participates in DR programs aimed at promoting the shifting among different energy sources by preserving the service provided to the end users. The results obtained from the new model in deterministic and stochastic cases indicate the appropriateness and usefulness of the proposed approach. Index Terms—Carrier-based demand response (CBDR), distributed energy resources (DERs), energy shifting, internal and external dependency model, operational flexibility, smart multienergy system.

Long term planning of heating systems and building renovation in a city