level also shows that power metrics are poor predictors of temperature, and that sensor imprecision has a substantial impact on the performance of DTM. 1.

the performance of these methods against workstation traces. The primary result is that by adjusting the clock speed at a fine grain, substantial CPU energy can be saved with a limited impact on performance.

estimate the impact of compulsory schooling on earnings by using quarter of birth as an instrumental variable for education in an earnings equation. This provides a valid identification strategy because date of birth is unlikely to be correlated with omitted earnings determinants. The instrumental

views about the effects of monetary policy. First, disinflations are always contractionary (although announced disinflations are less contractionary than surprise ones). Second, monetary policy shocks have their maximum impact on inflation with a substantial delay. Third, the change in inflation

-layer congestion control will be impacted if the network can only use an imperfect (and potentially distributed) scheduling component that is easier to implement. We study both the case when the number of users in the system is fixed and the case with dynamic arrivals and departures of the users, and we establish

that EPSPs from individual axons appear to exert substantial impact on the membrane potential (Mason et al., 1991; Otmakhov Received Sept. 15, 1997; revised Feb. 25, 1998; accepted March 3, 1998.

of each others ’ actions. Such situations are rare outside the laboratory and anonymity might not meet the requirements of some participants to psychologically engage as if their actions were private. In order to explore the impact of a lack of privacy on prosocial behaviors, I expand on a study reported

The 2007 United States Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) database reported 217 knee injuries in underground coal. From workers ’ compensation data, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) determined that the average cost per knee injury in this industry was $13,121.29 yielding nearly three million dollars as an estimated financial burden of these injuries on the industry in 2007. (1) Recently, NIOSH has investigated various types of interventions that underground coal mining companies may implement as means of decreasing mine workers ’ risk for developing knee injuries. To encourage mining companies to implement this training program and interventions currently in development, NIOSH performed an analysis of workers ’ compensation data for one underground coal mine in Illinois and six in Pennsylvania. The data were for the 2004, 2005, and 2006 claim years of each mine and included medical and indemnity costs for injuries to each body part, the number of injuries per body part, and the annual audited payroll. The rating formulas for the respective states were utilized to determine workers ’ compensation premiums for 2008 which require injury data from 2004 to 2006. For each mine, the costs of workers ’ compensation premiums were determined with all the injuries reported. A second analysis was then performed whereby all knee injuries were excluded. By eliminating knee injuries, the annual workers ’ compensation premiums decreased by 1.1 % to 16.2 % depending on the mine’s size and injury statistics. The savings that were observed ranged from $4,206, a 1.3 % savings, to $1,454,767, a 6.4 % savings. The cost of implementing the NIOSH recommended interventions is minimal; therefore, an overall savings for the mine would be expected. Moreover, NIOSH is continuing to develop other interventions to reduce the risk of knee injury as well such as a novel kneepad designed specifically for the low-seam mining environment. 2

The purpose of this discussion is to explain and sharpen different points of view about the impact of media and attributes of media on learning, motivation and efficiency gains from instruction. This paper is an attempt to INTRODUCTION A Brief History of Media Research The claim of "

volume and high price volatility. Our model has an explicit solution, which allows for several comparative statics exercises. Our analysis shows that while Tobin’s tax can substantially reduce speculative trading when transaction costs are small, it has only a limited impact on the size of the bubble