can present with non-bilious vomiting, feeding intolerance or abdominal pain. Volvulus, the life-threatening compli-cation, can result in bowel necrosis and peritonitis.2 In malrotation, there is abnormal fi xation of the duodenojejunal

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DAVIS (ed.), The Book of Pontiffs (Liber Pontificalis): the ancient biographies of the first

There is an extensive literature on the study and usage of non-vernacular foreign languages, particularly Latin, from antiquity on. However, much less has been written on the medieval study of vernacular foreign languages, particularly in time periods and places which cannot be understood as leading up to Renaissance linguistics. I plan to write a literature review of the study and use of vernacular foreign languages in medieval Europe, roughly 500-1100, although the scope will decrease if there turns out to be enough material. I am particularly interested in all aspects of foreign language use not traditionally studied by philologers – to what extent did clergy and laity need to know foreign languages, to what extent was learning them possible, and how were they learned? Some understanding the place of classical languages in medieval societies will also be necessary to this end, since much thought about language was filtered through classical ideals.

, the presentation is based not only on secondary literature and commentaries, but also on original primary sources (see the References section below)

A 3-week-old baby presents with cough and episodes of apnoea. Nasopharyngeal aspirate is negative for common respira-tory viruses. You consider the diagnosis of pertussis and take a full blood count to assess the lymphocyte count. You won-der what the sensitivity and specifi city of the lymphocyte count is for pertussis in infants. STRUCTURED CLINICAL QUESTION In an infant with clinical suspicion of per-tussis [patient], how useful is a lympho-cyte count [intervention] to determine the likelihood of a positive or negative diagnosis [outcome]?

Is ultrasonography required to rule out congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract in babies with isolated preauricular tags or sinuses? SCENARIO While performing an examination of a newborn, you note a preauricular sinus (PAS). The examination is otherwise unre-markable. A colleague suggests a need for renal ultrasonography in infants with a PAS or preauricular tag (PAT), but your con-sultant tells you this is unjustified. You decide to search for evi-dence to inform your clinical decision. STRUCTURED CLINICAL QUESTION Do infants with isolated PAT or PAS (population) have a higher incidence of congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary

in conjunction with a mediator system. The mediator system is able to automatically determine which secondary sources need to be queried in cases where the object consolidation system is unable to confidently determine whether two records refer to the same entity. In turn, the object consolidation system

on the periodic system by compiling a bibliography of previously published material. As the title of this article implies, we restrict ourselves to secondary sources. Readers interested in primary material can consult a number of useful refer-ences for this purpose. These include the classical treatment