Abstract-This paper investigates the supposedly psychedelic Bufo toad and the allegedly psychedelic drug bufotenine, which is contained in the skin and glands of this toad. The Bufo toad has held a place in human mythologies and medicines worldwide since archaic times. Used by ancient peoples for a

As defined in this chapter, the term psychedelic drugs includes both classic hallucinogens [i.e., indolalkylamines and phe-nylalkylamines, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and mescaline, respectively], ‘‘dissociative’ ’ drugs [i.e., arylcyclo-hexamines, such as phencyclidine (PCP

and increased exposure to the parent drug 5-MeO-DMT, as well as the active metabolite bufotenine. Harmaline, 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenine act agonistically on serotonergic systems and may result in hyperserotonergic effects or serotonin toxicity. Interestingly, CYP2D6 also has important contribution to harmaline

We currently understand the mental effects of psychedelics to be caused by agonism or partial agonism of 5-HT2A (and possibly 5-HT2C) receptors, and we understand that psychedelic drugs, especially phenylalkylamines, are fairly selective for these two receptors. This manuscript is a reference work

physiological states, some drugs with characteristics similar to bufotenine which do not normally cross the BBB. cross it and enter the brain. While direct human experimental evidence of bufotenine's hallucinogenic activity seems lacking, the above combined factors are considered, and possible explanations

ABSTRACT: The serotonin 5-HT2A receptor is the major target of psychedelic drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline, and psilocybin. Serotonergic psychedelics induce profound effects on cognition, emotion, and sensory processing that often seem uniquely human. This raises questions

On behalf of:

The neurochemical effects of the unique psychedelic agent, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), indicate it may be a serotonergic neurotoxin related to agents such as p-chloroam-phetamine. MDMA had a biphasic effect on cortical serotonin concentrations beginning with an acute depletion

as currently written. 2. Risk of Serotonin Syndrome The reviewer states “Because of the risk of serotonin syndrome, we recommend that patients treated with serotonergic drugs undergo a washout period of longer than 5 half-lives of the drug; the pharmacodynamic effects of such drugs are longer-lasting than

Psychedelic drugs like LSD and MDMA (Ecstasy) are known to have profound psychological effects on people. These substances are now being evaluated in clinical trials in the US as aids to psychotherapy. The use of these substances in Transpersonal Psychology is thought to help patients by inducing