Purpose To determine whether the presence of periodontitis (PD) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) in the subgingival biofilm associates with the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in treatment naïve preclinical stage of arthritis patients. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of 72

Cognitive impairment in the preclinical stage

need to find clinical markers that, when combined with the specificity of genetic testing, will identify individuals at the earliest stages of AMD who would benefit from preventive therapies. These clinical markers are endophenotypes for AMD, present in those who are likely to develop AMD, as well

Summary Serum thyroxine was significantly higher in 59 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma than in normal subjects, patients with uncomplicated cirrhosis (48), or other primary tumours with or without hepatic metastases (50). Elevated thyroxine levels appeared attributable to high levels of thyroxine binding globulin which showed a positive linear correlation with serum thyroxine in all groups studied. Despite this hyperthyroxinaemia all patients appeared clinically euthyroid and, consistent with this, T3 was elevated in only one patient and the free thyroxine index was normal in all. Amongst a group of 25 cirrhotic patients who were followed-up for between 12 and 72 months, there was a striking dissociation between the TBG values of those destined to develop HCC and those who did not. In the former group TBG rose steadily with time whereas in the latter group levels remained stable, or, more often, fell. The rises in TBG occurred prior to any clinical signs of tumour development and may be one of the earliest serological changes to occur during carcinogenesis in the cirrhotic liver. Changes in the serum levels of thyroid hormones and their binding proteins in patients with cirrhosis are welldocumented

Our recent study has indicated that a moderate lesion of the mesostriatal and mesolimbic pathways in rats, modelling preclinical stages of Parkinson’s disease, induces a depres-sive-like behaviour which is reversed by chronic treatment with pramipexole. The purpose of the present study

There is growing recognition that the pathophysiological process of Alzheimer disease (AD) begins many years prior to clinically obvious symptoms, and the concept of a presymptomatic or preclinical stage of AD is becoming more widely accepted. Advances in biomarker studies have enabled detection

of underlying disease and precede and predict disability. Definition of this stage could provide a basis for screening and early intervention to prevent disability. The objective of this study was to de-termine preclinical functional predictors of incident mobility difficulty and provide evidence for a

Precautionary effects of Red Liriope platyphylla on NGF secretion and Aβ42 deposition under the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease in Tg2576 mice

. Evaluation of athero- Continuing education sclerosis in its preclinical stage can help us to establish individual risk, to stratify patients with a high cardiovascular risk, and to introduce a new strategy of primary prevention in clinical practice. Recent efforts have now focused on preclinical evaluation

The early preclinical development of an antiviral agent is accomplished essentially in two stages. The first stage consists of gathering data to estimate the potential therapeutic index of the agent. This process includes testing for antiviral activity and for cytotoxicity in vitro and performing