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Real-time american sign language recognition using desk and wearable computer based video

by Thad Starner, Joshua Weaver, Alex Pentland - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE , 1998
"... We present two real-time hidden Markov model-based systems for recognizing sentence-level continuous American Sign Language (ASL) using a single camera to track the user’s unadorned hands. The first system observes the user from a desk mounted camera and achieves 92 percent word accuracy. The secon ..."
Abstract - Cited by 627 (26 self) - Add to MetaCart
We present two real-time hidden Markov model-based systems for recognizing sentence-level continuous American Sign Language (ASL) using a single camera to track the user’s unadorned hands. The first system observes the user from a desk mounted camera and achieves 92 percent word accuracy

Expected Time Bounds for Selection

by Robert W. Floyd, Ronald L. Rivest , 1975
"... A new selection algorithm is presented which is shown to be very efficient on the average, both theoretically and practically. The number of comparisons used to select the ith smallest of n numbers is n q- min(i,n--i) q- o(n). A lower bound within 9 percent of the above formula is also derived. ..."
Abstract - Cited by 459 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
A new selection algorithm is presented which is shown to be very efficient on the average, both theoretically and practically. The number of comparisons used to select the ith smallest of n numbers is n q- min(i,n--i) q- o(n). A lower bound within 9 percent of the above formula is also derived.

Cache memories

by Alan Jay Smith - ACM Computing Surveys , 1982
"... Cache memories are used in modern, medium and high-speed CPUs to hold temporarily those portions of the contents of main memory which are {believed to be) currently in use. Since instructions and data in cache memories can usually be referenced in 10 to 25 percent of the time required to access main ..."
Abstract - Cited by 688 (11 self) - Add to MetaCart
Cache memories are used in modern, medium and high-speed CPUs to hold temporarily those portions of the contents of main memory which are {believed to be) currently in use. Since instructions and data in cache memories can usually be referenced in 10 to 25 percent of the time required to access

The Labor Demand Curve is Downward Sloping: Reexamining the Impact of Immigration on the Labor Market

by George J. Borjas - THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS , 2003
"... Immigration is not evenly balanced across groups of workers that have the same education but differ in their work experience, and the nature of the supply imbalance changes over time. This paper develops a new approach for estimating the labor market impact of immigration by exploiting this variatio ..."
Abstract - Cited by 648 (21 self) - Add to MetaCart
Immigration is not evenly balanced across groups of workers that have the same education but differ in their work experience, and the nature of the supply imbalance changes over time. This paper develops a new approach for estimating the labor market impact of immigration by exploiting

How much should we trust differences-in-differences estimates?

by Marianne Bertrand, Esther Duflo, Sendhil Mullainathan , 2003
"... Most papers that employ Differences-in-Differences estimation (DD) use many years of data and focus on serially correlated outcomes but ignore that the resulting standard errors are inconsistent. To illustrate the severity of this issue, we randomly generate placebo laws in state-level data on femal ..."
Abstract - Cited by 828 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
at the 5 percent level for up to 45 percent of the placebo interventions. We use Monte Carlo simulations to investigate how well existing methods help solve this problem. Econometric corrections that place a specific parametric form on the time-series process do not perform well. Bootstrap (taking

Receiver-driven Layered Multicast

by Steven McCanne, Van Jacobson, Martin Vetterli , 1996
"... State of the art, real-time, rate-adaptive, multimedia applications adjust their transmission rate to match the available network capacity. Unfortunately, this source-based rate-adaptation performs poorly in a heterogeneous multicast environment because there is no single target rate — the conflicti ..."
Abstract - Cited by 737 (22 self) - Add to MetaCart
State of the art, real-time, rate-adaptive, multimedia applications adjust their transmission rate to match the available network capacity. Unfortunately, this source-based rate-adaptation performs poorly in a heterogeneous multicast environment because there is no single target rate

Why Do Americans Work So Much More than Europeans?”, Quarterly Review of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis,

by Edward C Prescott , W P Carey Chair , 2004
"... Abstract Americans now work 50 percent more than do the Germans, French, and Italians. This was not the case in the early 1970s, when the Western Europeans worked more than Americans. This article examines the role of taxes in accounting for the differences in labor supply across time and across co ..."
Abstract - Cited by 475 (10 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract Americans now work 50 percent more than do the Germans, French, and Italians. This was not the case in the early 1970s, when the Western Europeans worked more than Americans. This article examines the role of taxes in accounting for the differences in labor supply across time and across

Binary Vuong Test Percent Times Model 1 Chosen

by Kosuke Imai, Dustin Tingley , 2011
"... 1 Comparison with Standard Approaches Within each simulation study conducted in Section 4 of the manuscript, we also examine the performance of the standard model selection procedures commonly used in the literature; the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) (Schwarz, 1978) and the Vuong test (Vuong, ..."
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plot the percentage of times Model 1 is chosen given that one of the two models is selected. Both methods tend to support one model disproportionately when the mixture probability, π1 is close to 0 or 1. For example, if 80 % of observations were generated by Model 1 and 20 % by Model 2, both methods

The Determinants of Credit Spread Changes.

by Pierre Collin-Dufresne , Robert S Goldstein , J Spencer Martin , Gurdip Bakshi , Greg Bauer , Dave Brown , Francesca Carrieri , Peter Christoffersen , Susan Christoffersen , Greg Duffee , Darrell Duffie , Vihang Errunza , Gifford Fong , Mike Gallmeyer , Laurent Gauthier , Rick Green , John Griffin , Jean Helwege , Kris Jacobs , Chris Jones , Andrew Karolyi , Dilip Madan , David Mauer , Erwan Morellec , Federico Nardari , N R Prabhala , Tony Sanders , Sergei Sarkissian , Bill Schwert , Ken Singleton , Chester Spatt , René Stulz - Journal of Finance , 2001
"... ABSTRACT Using dealer's quotes and transactions prices on straight industrial bonds, we investigate the determinants of credit spread changes. Variables that should in theory determine credit spread changes have rather limited explanatory power. Further, the residuals from this regression are ..."
Abstract - Cited by 422 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
treasuries. As a consequence, their portfolios become extremely sensitive to changes in credit spreads rather than changes in bond yields. The distinction between changes in credit spreads and changes in corporate yields is significant: while an adjusted R 2 of 60 percent is obtained when regressing high

Time-varying NAIRU and its implications for Economic Policy

by Robert J. Gordon - NBER WORKING PAPER , 1996
"... This paper estimates the NAIRU (standing for the non-accelerating Inflation Rate of unemployment) as a parameter that varies over time. The NAIRU is the unemployment rate that is consistent with a constant rate of inflation. Its value is determined in an econometric model in which the inflation rate ..."
Abstract - Cited by 320 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper estimates the NAIRU (standing for the non-accelerating Inflation Rate of unemployment) as a parameter that varies over time. The NAIRU is the unemployment rate that is consistent with a constant rate of inflation. Its value is determined in an econometric model in which the inflation
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