allow countries and communities lacking the ability to afford high health care cost to provide health indices (coverage), provide individuals with health index which takes into consideration their overall health and thereby improve quality of individual health assessment (quality), and improve

of hip and knee pain and its impact on

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The purpose of this paper is to describe how overall health system achievement has been measured for the 191 member countries of the World Health Organization in 1999. 1 In accordance with the WHO Framework for Health System Performance Assessment (1), overall health system achievement needs

to exacerbation of pre-existent health problems and impaired quality of life. The occurrence of drug-related side effects such as cardiac disturbances, diabetes, and obesity is important to document for these patients, especially if they are already at increased risk because of underlying disease, substance abuse

OBJECTIVE: Accelerated bone loss that occurs in postmenopausal women has been linked to oxidative stress and increased free radicals. We propose the use of antioxidants to prevent and reverse postmenopausal osteoporosis. This study aimed to examine the effects of tocotrienol, a vitamin E analog, on bone loss due to estrogen deficiency. Our previous study showed that tocotrienol increased the trabecular bone volume and trabecular number in ovariectomized rats. In the current study, we investigated the effects of tocotrienol supplementation on various biochemical parameters in a postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 32 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. The baseline group was sacrificed at the start of the study, and another group was sham operated. The remaining rats were ovariectomized and either given olive oil as a vehicle or treated with tocotrienol at a dose of 60 mg/ kg body weight. After four weeks of treatment, blood was withdrawn for the measurement of interleukin-1 (IL1) and interleukin-6 (IL6) (bone resorbing cytokines), serum osteocalcin (a bone formation marker) and pyridinoline (a bone resorption marker). RESULTS: Tocotrienol supplementation in ovariectomized rats significantly reduced the levels of osteocalcin, IL1 and IL6. However, it did not alter the serum pyridinoline level. CONCLUSION: Tocotrienol prevented osteoporotic bone loss by reducing the high bone turnover rate

The unsteady implementation of the conceptual model of deregulation of electric utility industry in many countries has caused significant consequences in the overall health of the general population of large power transformers [LPTs]. LPTs are now subject to adverse conditions due to advanced aging

in populations, a finding that holds in both cross-national and within-national studies. The means by which primary care improves health have been identified, thus suggesting ways to improve overall health and reduce differences in health across major population subgroups. Key Words: Primary care, health

t ≡ r 10 t − r 2 t . We interpret this proxy as both an indication of expectations of future short rates, and as an indication of overall economic health. Firm Leverage For each bond i, market values of firm equity from CRSP and book values of firm debt from COMPUSTAT are used to obtain leverage ratios

of health care expenditures implies that there is a significant “security value” for these individuals to remain employed until they are eligible for Medicare coverage at age 65. Overall, our model suggests that a number of heretofore puzzling aspects of retirement behavior can be viewed as artifacts