Two kinds of contemporary developments in cryptography are examined. Widening applications of teleprocessing have given rise to a need for new types of cryptographic systems, which minimize the need for secure key distribution channels and supply the equivalent of a written signature. This paper suggests ways to solve these currently open problems. It also discusses how the theories of communication and computation are beginning to provide the tools to solve cryptographic problems of long standing.

the false discovery rate FDR traditionally involves intricate sequential p-value rejection methods based on the observed data. Whereas a sequential p-value method fixes the error rate and estimates its corresponding rejection region, we propose the opposite approach—we fix the rejection region

The aim of this paper is to investigate verbal stem reduplication in several Tupi-Guarani languages. The study reports mostly on Emerillon, for which the author collected field data in French Guiana, but also on other Tupi-

his rot [1–3]. Despite the many ecological and physiological studies of sex change in protandrous anemonefishes, the the spermatogonial cells, which have the ability to differ-entiate into oocytes or sperm, following changes in the Nakamura et al. Zoological Letters (2015) 1:30 DOI 10.1186/s40851-015-0027-ysteroids are believed to regulate the process [14, 15]. TheJapan Full list of author information is available at the end of the articleAlthough the exact endocrine mechanism involved in the sex change in hermaphrodite fish is unclear, sex

Instinct tells us that computer security and computer usability are inversely proportional to each other. In other words, the tougher and stricter the security is, the less usability there is, and vice versa. However, there have been plenty of cases where both computer security and computer usability went hand in hand with each other and actually improved together. In the last few years security has been the biggest buzzword in computer systems and as such has become part of our computer systems. Before that, computer systems were all about getting it done faster and easier, but now they must also do it securely. Can the two continue growing together? We believe they can, as evident by the most recent Indian Assembly Election. 1.

competition. The theory predicts that incumbents' opposition will be weaker when an economy allows both cross-border trade and capital flows. This theory can go some way in accounting for the cross-country differences and the time series variation of financial development. When we recognize

to the introduction of new IR books recently. Nevertheless, we believe that there is still great need of a book that approaches the field in a rigorous and complete way from a computer-science perspective (in opposition to a user-centered perspective). This book is an effort to partially fulfill this gap and should

Growth of distributed systems has attained unstoppable momentum. If we better understood how to think about, analyze, and design distributed systems, we could direct their implementation with more confidence.

, and then to annotate the unlabeled image according to the annotations of these labeled ones. However, to the best of our knowledge, the SR method in an opposite direction, which we call backward SR, to represent each labeled image with several unlabeled images, and then to annotate any unlabeled image according

This paper presents a forward mapping rendering algo-rithm to display regular volumetric grids that may not have the same spacings in the three grid directions. It takes advantage of the fact that convolution can be thought of as distributing energy from input samples into space. The renderer