This paper introduces a class of probabilistic counting lgorithms with which one can estimate the number of distinct elements in a large collection of data (typically a large file stored on disk) in a single pass using only a small additional storage (typically less than a hundred binary words

quantified with the computational evidence derived from a distributional analysis of corpus data. Specifically, the proposed measure is a combined approach that inherits the edge-based approach of the edge counting scheme, which is then enhanced by the node-based approach of the information content

is designed to be architecture independent whenever possible, making Pintools source compatible across different architectures. However, a Pintool can access architecture-specific details when necessary. Instrumentation with Pin is mostly transparent as the application and Pintool observe the application’s

discontinuity in any pre-determined (or “baseline”) variables at the RD threshold. Specifically, consider a standard treatment evaluation problem in which treatment is assigned to an individual if and only if V> v0, but where v0 is a known threshold, and V is observable. V can depend on the individual’s

, and an independent survey of more than 3,500 resi-dents are then integrated to test a theory of collective efficacy and structural constraints. Defined as cohesion among residents com-bined with shared expectations for the social control of public space, collective efficacy explains lower rates of crime and observed

mine the web, including all the popular search engines, but few studies have been performed to date to answer them. One notable exception is a study by Cho and Garcia-Molina, who crawled a set of 720,000 pages on a daily basis over four months, and counted pages as having changed if their MD5 checksum

predictions on population sizes, depending on treatment. Here, we use an integrated stochastic model to capture the intrinsic stochasticity, of both observed aphid counts and unobserved cumulative population size for all treatment combinations simultane-ously. Unlike previous approaches, this allows us

We ask if certain dimensions of perceptual similarity are weighted more heavily than others in determining word extension. The specific dimensions examined were shape, size, and texture. In four experiments, subjects were asked either to extend a novel count noun to new instances or, in a nonword

from the Time-to-Live (TTL) value in the IP header. Using a mapping between IP addresses and their hop-counts to an Internet server, the server can distinguish spoofed IP packets from legitimate ones. Base on this observation, we present a novel filtering technique that is immediately deployable

Conventional geostatistical methodology solves the problem of predicting the realised value of a linear functional of a Gaussian spatial stochastic process, S(x), based on observations Y i = S(x i ) + Z i at sampling locations x i , where the Z i are mutually independent, zero-mean Gaussian random