Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for Bayesian computation have until recently been restricted to problems where the joint distribution of all variables has a density with respect to some xed standard underlying measure. They have therefore not been available for application to Bayesian model

interval of T symbol periods, after which they change to new independent values which they maintain for another T symbol periods, and so on. Computing the link capacity, associated with channel coding over multiple fading intervals, requires an optimization over the joint density of T M complex transmitted

Cortical long-term plasticity depends on firing rate, spike timing, and cooperativity among inputs, but how these factors interact during realistic patterns of activ-ity is unknown. Here we monitored plasticity while systematically varying the rate, spike timing, and number of coincident afferents. These experiments dem-onstrate a novel form of cooperativity operating even when postsynaptic firing is evoked by current injec-tion, and reveal a complex dependence of LTP and LTD on rate and timing. Based on these data, we constructed and tested three quantitative models of corti-cal plasticity. One of these models, in which spike-timing relationships causing LTP “win ” out over those favoring LTD, closely fits the data and accurately predicts the build-up of plasticity during random firing. This provides a quantitative framework for predicting the impact of in vivo firing patterns on synaptic strength.

This article describes a 2-systems model that explains social behavior as a joint function of reflective and impulsive processes. In particular, it is assumed that social behavior is controlled by 2 interacting systems that follow different operating principles. The reflective system generates

description of joint determinants for the commuting invertible matrices. In particular, we explicitly determine certain joint determinants for the commuting invertible matrices over a finite field, Q, R and C into the respective group of units of given field. 1.

This paper examines the robustness and joint interaction of explanatory variables in cross-country economic growth regressions. It employs a novel approach, Bayesian Averaging of Classical Estimates (BACE), which constructs estimates as a weighted average of OLS estimates for every possible

Organizations enter alliances with each other to access critical resources, but they rely on information from the network of prior alliances to determine with whom to cooperate. These new alliances modify the existing network, prompting an endogenous dynamic between organizational action

The joint determination of capital structure and investment risk is examined. Optimal capital structure reflects both the tax advantages of debt less default costs (Modigliani-Miller), and the agency costs resulting from asset substitution (Jensen-Meckling). Agency costs restrict leverage and debt

In this paper we present a method to generate partial derivatives of traveltimes of seismic rays with respect to depth, for an isovelocity line belonging to a laterally varying model in two dimensions. This fact allows us to solve the linearized inverse system using velocity and depth either simultaneously or sequentially. To compute traveltimes, slownesses and derivatives, we divide the medium into triangular regions, whose vertices define a grid that can be deformed. Inside each region, the gradient of velocity is constant, and the rays are arcs of circles. We use SVD with regularization for inversion. The method can be used to search for discontinuities. Real and synthetic examples are included. Key words: circular ray paths, inverse theory, ray theory, tomography, traveltime. 1

Although ecosystems provide myriad services to economies, only one service is considered in most renewable-resource models. The bioeconomic model introduced here admits a second service, and more importantly it accounts for how the two services are impacted by interactions within a thirteen species ecosystem and interactions within a regional economy. Endangered Steller sea lion recovery measures via alternative pollock quotas are shown to cause altered levels of all ecosystem populations, and altered levels of all economic variables. While non-use values associated with the ecosystem (e.g., existence values) are not considered, all species matter for the economy because they are all used indirectly as support for ecosystem services. Regional welfare losses from reduced quotas are mediated by increased provision of ecosystem services.