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Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division

by United Nations , 1999
"... vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which Member States ..."
Abstract - Cited by 505 (3 self) - Add to MetaCart
and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. Note The designations employed in this report and the material presented in it do not imply the expression

SCOP: a structural classification of proteins database for the investigation of sequences and structures.

by Tim J P Hubbard , Bart Ailey , Steven E Brenner , Alexey G Murzin , Cyrus Chothia - J. Mol. Biol. , 1995
"... ABSTRACT The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database provides a detailed and comprehensive description of the relationships of all known proteins structures. The classification is on hierarchical levels: the first two levels, family and superfamily, describe near and far evolutionary ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1552 (24 self) - Add to MetaCart
ABSTRACT The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database provides a detailed and comprehensive description of the relationships of all known proteins structures. The classification is on hierarchical levels: the first two levels, family and superfamily, describe near and far evolutionary

The Advantages of Evolutionary Computation

by David B. Fogel , 1997
"... Evolutionary computation is becoming common in the solution of difficult, realworld problems in industry, medicine, and defense. This paper reviews some of the practical advantages to using evolutionary algorithms as compared with classic methods of optimization or artificial intelligence. Specific ..."
Abstract - Cited by 541 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
and optimization mechanism. Evolved biota demonstrate optimized complex behavior at every level: the cell, the organ, the individual, and the population. The problems that biological species have solved are typified by chaos, chance, temporality, and nonlinear interactivities. These are also characteristics

How much should we trust differences-in-differences estimates?

by Marianne Bertrand, Esther Duflo, Sendhil Mullainathan , 2003
"... Most papers that employ Differences-in-Differences estimation (DD) use many years of data and focus on serially correlated outcomes but ignore that the resulting standard errors are inconsistent. To illustrate the severity of this issue, we randomly generate placebo laws in state-level data on femal ..."
Abstract - Cited by 828 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
Most papers that employ Differences-in-Differences estimation (DD) use many years of data and focus on serially correlated outcomes but ignore that the resulting standard errors are inconsistent. To illustrate the severity of this issue, we randomly generate placebo laws in state-level data

Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: Implications for substance abuse prevention

by J. David Hawkins, Richard E Catalano, Janet Y Miller - Psychological Bulletin , 1992
"... The authors suggest that the most promising route to effective strategies for the prevention of adolescent alcohol and other drug problems is through a risk-focused approach. This approach requires the identification of risk factors for drug abuse, identification of methods by which risk factors hav ..."
Abstract - Cited by 725 (18 self) - Add to MetaCart
have been effectively addressed, and application of these methods to appropriate high-risk and general population samples in controlled studies. The authors review risk and protective factors for drug abuse, assess a number of approaches for drug abuse prevention potential with high-risk groups

A Measurement Study of Peer-to-Peer File Sharing Systems

by Stefan Saroiu , P. Krishna Gummadi, Steven D. Gribble , 2002
"... The popularity of peer-to-peer multimedia file sharing applications such as Gnutella and Napster has created a flurry of recent research activity into peer-to-peer architectures. We believe that the proper evaluation of a peer-to-peer system must take into account the characteristics of the peers th ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1254 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
Napster and Gnutella. In particular, our measurement study seeks to precisely characterize the population of end-user hosts that participate in these two systems. This characterization includes the bottleneck bandwidths between these hosts and the Internet at large, IP-level latencies to send packets

High confidence visual recognition of persons by a test of statistical independence

by John G. Daugman - IEEE TRANS. ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE , 1993
"... A method for rapid visual recognition of personal identity is described, based on the failure of a statistical test of independence. The most unique phenotypic feature visible in a person’s face is the detailed texture of each eye’s iris: An estimate of its statistical complexity in a sample of the ..."
Abstract - Cited by 621 (8 self) - Add to MetaCart
of the human population reveals variation corresponding to several hundred independent degrees-of-freedom. Morphogenetic randomness in the texture expressed phenotypically in the iris trabecular meshwork ensures that a test of statistical independence on two coded patterns originating from different eyes

Sticky Information versus Sticky Prices: a Proposal to Replace the New Keynesian Phillips Curve

by N. Gregory Mankiw, Ricardo Reis , 2002
"... This paper examines a model of dynamic price adjustment based on the assumption that information disseminates slowly throughout the population. Compared with the commonly used sticky-price model, this sticky-information model displays three related properties that are more consistent with accepted v ..."
Abstract - Cited by 489 (25 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper examines a model of dynamic price adjustment based on the assumption that information disseminates slowly throughout the population. Compared with the commonly used sticky-price model, this sticky-information model displays three related properties that are more consistent with accepted

LSCs: Breathing Life into Message Sequence Charts

by Werner Damm, David Harel , 2001
"... While message sequence charts (MSCs) are widely used in industry to document the interworking of processes or objects, they are expressively weak, being based on the modest semantic notion of a partial ordering of events as defined, e.g., in the ITU standard. A highly expressive and rigorously defin ..."
Abstract - Cited by 444 (71 self) - Add to MetaCart
-machine intra-object specification. This paper proposes an extension of MSCs, which we call live sequence charts (or LSCs), since our main extension deals with specifying "liveness", i.e., things that must occur. In fact, LSCs allow the distinction between possible and necessary behavior both globally

Does foreign direct investment increase the productivity of domestic firms? In search of spillovers through backward linkages

by Beata Smarzynska Javorcik - AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW , 2003
"... Many countries strive to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) in the hope that knowledge brought by multinationals will spill over to domestic industries and increase their productivity. In contrast with earlier literature that failed to find positive intra-industry spillovers from FDI, this stu ..."
Abstract - Cited by 433 (11 self) - Add to MetaCart
Many countries strive to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) in the hope that knowledge brought by multinationals will spill over to domestic industries and increase their productivity. In contrast with earlier literature that failed to find positive intra-industry spillovers from FDI
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