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Intermediaries and Payments Instruments

by James Bullard, Bruce D. Smith - Journal of Economic Theory
"... We study an economy in which intermediaries have incentives to issue circu-lating liabilities as part of an equilibrium. We show that, with arbitrarily small transactions costs, only the liabilities of intermediaries will circulate, and not those of other private sector agents. Therefore, our model ..."
Abstract - Cited by 6 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
connects intermedi-ation activity with the issuance of payments media, a connection that has not been made in earlier literature. We use our model to suggest a resolution of the “banknote underissue puzzle ” of Cagan [4]. Journal of Economic Literature

COMMENTARY Polarization of pseudopodial activities: cytoskeletal mechanisms

by J. M. Vasiliev
"... The reorganization of the cytoskeleton resulting in a stabilized polarization in cells of two types, Dictyo-stelium amoebae and cultured mammalian fibro-blasts, is compared. It is suggested that there are two levels of reorganization: basal level reorganization of actin-myosin cortex and a higher le ..."
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level of reorganiz-ation of microtubules and intermediate filaments. Key words: pseudopodia, cytoskeleton, polarization.

Activity during Working Memory for Faces

by unknown authors
"... genotype groups reflected alterations in task processing. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the rDLPFC region showed significant volumetric overlap with the rDLPFC which had previously been reported to be altered during task processing for patients with SZ. Conclusions: The find-ings support an asso ..."
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an association between rs1344706 and alter-ations in DLPFC activity during WM for faces. We further suggest that WM for faces may be a useful intermediate phenotype in the investigation of genetic susceptibility to psychosis. Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel

Novel interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor appears to mediate IL-2-induced activation of natural killer cells

by John H. Kehrl, Mitchell Dukovich, T Gail Whalen, Paul Katz, Anthony S. Fauci, Warner C. Greenet - J. Clin. Invest , 1988
"... A novel IL-2 receptor, distinct from the Tac protein, has been identified on the surface of purified human natural killer (NK) cells by chemical cross-linking of 125I-IL-2. This protein is- 70,000 D in size (p70) and appears to be identical to the recently recognized second subunit of the human high ..."
Abstract - Cited by 7 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
high affinity IL-2 receptor complex. Scatchard analysis of '25I-IL-2 binding to purified NK cells revealed- 2,300 p70 binding sites per cell with an apparent dissociation constant of 200 pM, a value intermediate between the previously recognized high and low affinity forms of the human IL-2

Stable-isotope probing of microorganisms thriving at thermodynamic limits: syntrophic propionate oxidation in flooded soil

by Tillmann Lueders, Bianca Pommerenke, Michael W. Friedrich - Appl Environ Microbiol , 2004
"... Propionate is an important intermediate of the degradation of organic matter in many anoxic environments. In methanogenic environments, due to thermodynamic constraints, the oxidation of propionate requires syntrophic cooperation of propionate-fermenting proton-reducing bacteria and H2-consuming met ..."
Abstract - Cited by 20 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
Propionate is an important intermediate of the degradation of organic matter in many anoxic environments. In methanogenic environments, due to thermodynamic constraints, the oxidation of propionate requires syntrophic cooperation of propionate-fermenting proton-reducing bacteria and H2-consuming

The Human Adenovirus 5 L4 Promoter Is Activated by Cellular Stress Response Protein p53

by Jordan Wright
"... During adenovirus infection, the emphasis of gene expression switches from early genes to late genes in a highly regulated man-ner. Two gene products, L4-22K and L4-33K, contribute to this switch by activating the major late transcription unit (MLTU) and regulating the splicing of its transcript. L4 ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
4-22K and L4-33K expression is driven initially by a recently described L4 promoter (L4P) embedded within theMLTU that is activated by early and intermediate viral factors: E1A, E4 Orf3, and IVa2. Here we show that this promoter is also significantly activated by the cellular stress response

Thiamin Phosphate Synthase: The Rate of Pyrimidine Carbocation Formation

by Jeremiah W. Hanes, Steven E. Ealick, Tadhg P. Begley
"... Carbocations have fascinated organic chemists for almost a century, and the properties of this reactive intermediate have been thoroughly studied.1 Carbocations have been proposed as intermedi-ates in several enzyme-catalyzed reactions, such as the prenyl transfer and cyclization reactions involved ..."
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Carbocations have fascinated organic chemists for almost a century, and the properties of this reactive intermediate have been thoroughly studied.1 Carbocations have been proposed as intermedi-ates in several enzyme-catalyzed reactions, such as the prenyl transfer and cyclization reactions involved

Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Vanillylmandelic Acid

by In Urine, Mark J. Magera, Abby L. Thompson
"... The biochemical detection of catecholamine-secreting tu-mors relies on the determination of several metabolites, among them vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), a metabolite derived from epinephrine and norepinephrine via the intermediate 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol (1, 2). VMA may also be produced by t ..."
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by the oxidative deamination of normetanephrine and metanephrine or by O-methyl-ation of dihydroxymandelic acid, a minor metabolite of norepinephrine (2, 3). Our laboratory is actively involved in the application of stable-isotope-labeled internal standards and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to the determination

Investigation of the role of SRC in capacitation-associated tyrosine phosphorylation of human spermatozoa

by Lisa A. Mitchell, Brett Nixon, Mark A. Baker, R. John Aitken
"... The process of capacitation is a pre-requisite for mammalian spermatozoa allowing them to gain the ability to fertilize an oocyte. A fundamental part of this mechanism is a dramatic increase in the level of tyrosine phosphorylation. Implicated in this process is a unique cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)- ..."
Abstract - Cited by 3 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
)-mediated pathway involving an intermediate PKA-activated tyrosine kinase suggested to be pp60c-src (SRC) in the mouse. This study has verified the importance of SRC as a key intermediate kinase in promoting the tyrosine phosphorylation events associated with human sperm capacitation. The presence of SRC in human

SUMMARY

by Stephan Fahr, Roberto Motto, Massimo Rostagno, Frank Smets, Oreste Tristani, Frank Smets, Oreste Tristani
"... We evaluate the ECB’s monetary policy strategy against some of the underlying economic features of the eurozone, in normal times and during the financial crisis. We show that in the years preceding the crisis the ECB’s emphasis on monetary indicators and deliberate avoidance of excessive activism we ..."
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were justified by the underlying macroeconomic conditions that the ECB faced in the eurozone and con-tributed to avoid more volatile patterns of inflation and economic activity. After the collapse of financial intermediation in late 2008, the strategy of the ECB was to adopt several non-standard policy
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