in the model parameters and the induced image errors.

), leading to the assembly of a meshwork of actin filaments at the cell periphery to produce lamellipodia and membrane ruffles (Fig. 1E) (2). More re-cently, activation of Cdc42, a third member of the Rho subfamily, was shown to induce actin-rich surface protrusions called filopo-dia (Fig. 1G) (3, 4

and the effects of the stresses and strains of life-which alter the metabolic activity. The universality of this phenomenon sug-gests that the reactions which cause it are basic-ally the same in all living things. Viewing this process in the light of present day free radical and radiation chemistry

Summary.-The term apoptosis is proposed for a hitherto little recognized mechanism of controlled cell deletion, which appears to play a complementary but opposite role to mitosis in the regulation of animal cell populations. Its morphological features suggest that it is an active, inherently

the vessel wall. This increase in the number of spins affected by deoxyhemoglobin is a form of amplification. When the susceptibility-induced local field differences exist within an imaging voxel, there is a resultant distribution of shifts in water resonance frequencies. In the gradient-echo method, a phase

Successful reprogramming of differentiated human somatic cells into a pluripotent state would allow creation of patient- and disease-specific stem cells. We previously reported generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, capable of germline transmission, from mouse somatic cells

Hebbian models of development and learning require both activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and a mechanism that induces competition between different synapses. Recent experiments have characterized a form of long-term synaptic plasticity that depends on the relative timing of pre

enrichment in gene bodies and depletion in protein binding sites and enhancers. Non-CG methylation disappeared upon induced differentiation of the embryonic stem cells, and was restored in induced pluripotent stem cells. We identified hundreds of differentially methylated regions proximal to genes involved

-Bf) antibodies that may play major role in the immunologic failure of pregnancy and may lead to abortion. Alter-ation in the expression of HLA-G molecules, T-helper-1 (Th-1) pattern of cytokines and natural killer (NK) cells activity may also induce abortion. Various forms of treatment like antithrombotic

In the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, caspase activation is closely linked to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). Numerous pro-apoptotic signal-transducing molecules and pathological stimuli converge on mitochondria to induce MOMP. The local regulation and execution of MOMP