reproduction: 10 years of experience with

Arrested human embryos are more likely to have abnormal chromosomes than developing embryos from women of advanced maternal age Qi et al.

transfer of human embryos

Relatively little is known about the proteome/secretome of the human preimplantation embryo, in particular the protein composition/secretion of the blastocyst just before implantation. Given the legal and ethical guidelines, new approaches are needed to study the human embryo proteome. At present

human embryos and fetuses*

, and stratiÞed squamous epithelium (ectoderm). These cell lines should be useful in human develop-mental biology, drug discovery, and transplantation medicine. Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from totipotent cells of the early mamma-lian embryo and are capable of unlimited, undifferentiated proliferation

The moral acceptability or non-acceptability of the use of human embryos in research raises questions on several philosophical levels. The mixing-up of these levels results in strongly defended and endless debates. In this contribution, arguments on three levels will be discussed, the ontological

The growth of the brain of human embryo is changing through a long time in the body of mother. So it is very difficult to observe and to understand that process. Therefore, the embryologists found the realistic human organ models and animations necessary for their studies. But to create

Pyruvate is added to all media used for human in vitro fer-tilization and embryo culture, but its function(s) in the early embryo is unknown. We tested the possibility that pyruvate can act as an oxidizable energy source by measuring the consump-tion of pyruvate and oxygen by Day 2 and Day 3 human

Introduction: External ears, one of the major face components, show an interesting movement during craniofacial morphogenesis in human embryo. The present study was performed to see if movement of the external ears in a human embryo could be explained by differential growth. Methods: In all, 171