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Cognitive load during problem solving: effects on learning

by John Sweller - COGNITIVE SCIENCE , 1988
"... Considerable evidence indicates that domain specific knowledge in the form of schemes is the primary factor distinguishing experts from novices in problem-solving skill. Evidence that conventional problem-solving activity is not effective in schema acquisition is also accumulating. It is suggested t ..."
Abstract - Cited by 639 (13 self) - Add to MetaCart
Considerable evidence indicates that domain specific knowledge in the form of schemes is the primary factor distinguishing experts from novices in problem-solving skill. Evidence that conventional problem-solving activity is not effective in schema acquisition is also accumulating. It is suggested

Learning with local and global consistency.

by Dengyong Zhou , Olivier Bousquet , Thomas Navin Lal , Jason Weston , Bernhard Schölkopf - In NIPS, , 2003
"... Abstract We consider the general problem of learning from labeled and unlabeled data, which is often called semi-supervised learning or transductive inference. A principled approach to semi-supervised learning is to design a classifying function which is sufficiently smooth with respect to the intr ..."
Abstract - Cited by 673 (21 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract We consider the general problem of learning from labeled and unlabeled data, which is often called semi-supervised learning or transductive inference. A principled approach to semi-supervised learning is to design a classifying function which is sufficiently smooth with respect

Digital Game-Based Learning

by Marc Prensky
"... [Green and Bavelier, 2003] has grabbed national attention for suggesting that playing “action ” video and computer games has the positive effect of enhancing students ’ visual selective attention. But that finding is just one small part of a more important message that all parents and educators need ..."
Abstract - Cited by 539 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
[Green and Bavelier, 2003] has grabbed national attention for suggesting that playing “action ” video and computer games has the positive effect of enhancing students ’ visual selective attention. But that finding is just one small part of a more important message that all parents and educators

Learning logical definitions from relations

by J. R. Quinlan - MACHINE LEARNING , 1990
"... This paper describes FOIL, a system that learns Horn clauses from data expressed as relations. FOIL is based on ideas that have proved effective in attribute-value learning systems, but extends them to a first-order formalism. This new system has been applied successfully to several tasks taken fro ..."
Abstract - Cited by 935 (8 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper describes FOIL, a system that learns Horn clauses from data expressed as relations. FOIL is based on ideas that have proved effective in attribute-value learning systems, but extends them to a first-order formalism. This new system has been applied successfully to several tasks taken

Machine Learning in Automated Text Categorization

by Fabrizio Sebastiani - ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS , 2002
"... The automated categorization (or classification) of texts into predefined categories has witnessed a booming interest in the last ten years, due to the increased availability of documents in digital form and the ensuing need to organize them. In the research community the dominant approach to this p ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1734 (22 self) - Add to MetaCart
definition of a classifier by domain experts) are a very good effectiveness, considerable savings in terms of expert labor power, and straightforward portability to different domains. This survey discusses the main approaches to text categorization that fall within the machine learning paradigm. We

Inductive learning algorithms and representations for text categorization,”

by Susan Dumais , John Platt , Mehran Sahami , David Heckerman - in Proceedings of the International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, , 1998
"... ABSTRACT Text categorization -the assignment of natural language texts to one or more predefined categories based on their content -is an important component in many information organization and management tasks. We compare the effectiveness of five different automatic learning algorithms for text ..."
Abstract - Cited by 652 (8 self) - Add to MetaCart
ABSTRACT Text categorization -the assignment of natural language texts to one or more predefined categories based on their content -is an important component in many information organization and management tasks. We compare the effectiveness of five different automatic learning algorithms for text

Parallel Networks that Learn to Pronounce English Text

by Terrence J. Sejnowski, Charles R. Rosenberg - COMPLEX SYSTEMS , 1987
"... This paper describes NETtalk, a class of massively-parallel network systems that learn to convert English text to speech. The memory representations for pronunciations are learned by practice and are shared among many processing units. The performance of NETtalk has some similarities with observed h ..."
Abstract - Cited by 549 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
is essential. (iv) Relearning after damage is much faster than learning during the original training. (v) Distributed or spaced practice is more effective for long-term retention than massed practice. Network models can be constructed that have the same performance and learning characteristics on a particular

A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets

by Geoffrey E. Hinton, Simon Osindero - Neural Computation , 2006
"... We show how to use “complementary priors ” to eliminate the explaining away effects that make inference difficult in densely-connected belief nets that have many hidden layers. Using complementary priors, we derive a fast, greedy algorithm that can learn deep, directed belief networks one layer at a ..."
Abstract - Cited by 970 (49 self) - Add to MetaCart
We show how to use “complementary priors ” to eliminate the explaining away effects that make inference difficult in densely-connected belief nets that have many hidden layers. Using complementary priors, we derive a fast, greedy algorithm that can learn deep, directed belief networks one layer

What Can Economists Learn from Happiness Research?

by Bruno S. Frey, Alois Stutzer - FORTHCOMING IN JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE , 2002
"... Happiness is generally considered to be an ultimate goal in life; virtually everybody wants to be happy. The United States Declaration of Independence of 1776 takes it as a self-evident truth that the “pursuit of happiness” is an “unalienable right”, comparable to life and liberty. It follows that e ..."
Abstract - Cited by 545 (24 self) - Add to MetaCart
for economists to consider happiness. The first is economic policy. At the micro-level, it is often impossible to make a Pareto-optimal proposal, because a social action entails costs for some individuals. Hence an evaluation of the net effects, in terms of individual utilities, is needed. On an aggregate level

Monetary Policy Shocks: What Have we Learned and to What End?

by Lawrence J. Christiano, Martin Eichenbaum , Charles L. Evans , 1998
"... This paper reviews recent research that grapples with the question: What happens after an exogenous shock to monetary policy? We argue that this question is interesting because it lies at the center of a particular approach to assessing the empirical plausibility of structural economic models that c ..."
Abstract - Cited by 988 (26 self) - Add to MetaCart
that can be used to think about systematic changes in monetary policy institutions and rules. The literature has not yet converged on a particular set of assumptions for identifying the effects of an exogenous shock to monetary policy. Nevertheless, there is considerable agreement about the qualitative
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