Educators frequently recommend that children read aloud to parents at home in the belief that the activity will positively contribute to children's literacy growth. From a research perspective, however, little is known about these at-home reading experiences. Using a social constructivist theoretical perspective, the present study investigated the relationships between children's reading ability, children's sex, mothers ' educational level, and mothers ' helping behaviors during children's at-home oral reading practice. Seventy-six mother-child pairs from a suburban, middle-class community participated in the project. Accelerated and at-risk third grade readers took home a tape recorder and a third grade science text to read aloud to mothers. The conversations were audiotaped, professionally transcribed, and then coded. Results of the study indicated that the conversations between at-risk readers and their mothers were marked by the frequent use of error correction interventions, while the conversations

-country differences in, and the time-series variation of, financial development.

Explaining cross-country differences in growth rates requires not only an understanding of the link between growth and public policies, but also an understanding of why countries choose different public policies. This paper shows that ethnic diversity helps explain cross-country differences

the party platforms. In this political game with private information, we show that there exist weak perfect Bayesian equilibria (WPBEs) at which the parties play different strategies, and thus, announce different platforms even when their signals coincide. This result is in contrast with the conclusion

detailed analyses of annual bonus plans, executive stock options, and option valuation), international pay differences, the pay-setting process, the relation between CEO pay and firm performance (“pay-performance sensitivities”), the relation between sensitivities and subsequent firm performance, relative

stochastic equilibrium, the behavior of the macroeconomic aggregates can be almost perfectly described using only the mean of the wealth distribution. This result is robust to substantial changes in both parameter values and model specification. Our benchmark model, whose only difference from

Making decisions is like speaking prose-people do it all the time, knowingly or unknowingly. It is hardly surprising, then, that the topic of decision making is shared by many disciplines, from mathematics and statistics, through economics and political science, to sociology and psychology

This paper develops the empirical and theoretical case that differences in economic institutions are the fundamental cause of differences in economic development. We first document the empirical importance of institutions by focusing on two “quasi-natural experiments” in history, the division

, and criteria for implementation. In the empirical review, common misuse of the term triangulation was apparent in evaluations that stated such a purpose but did not employ an appropriate design. In addition, relatively few evaluations in this review integrated the different method types at the level of data

In this paper, we study the linking patterns and discussion topics of political bloggers. Our aim is to measure the degree of interaction between liberal and conservative blogs, and to uncover any differences in the structure of the two communities. Specifically, we analyze the posts of 40 “A