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Table 4: Different State Encodings for the FSM. Globally, considering the data-path and FSM benchmarks, the relative accuracy of our approach compared with the Design Power gate-level tool is considered satisfactory at this level of abstraction. Traditional post-synthesis gate-level methods suffer from a main drawback with respect to our approach: the need to perform time-consuming tasks such as the synthesis. On the contrary, our approach, by avoiding to move down to the gate-level description, represents an innovative methodology encompassing the requirements to achieve accurate power estimation in a reasonable design time. In conclusion, the proposed analysis affords the problem of power estimation for embedded systems implemented into a single ASIC described by using VHDL at the behavioral/RT levels, before performing the synthesis and avoiding gate-level time consuming simulations. The main goal has been to offer a conceptual model and some power metrics to compare different design solutions described at high abstraction levels. Experimental results have shown sufficient relative accuracy with respect to gate-level power estimates. In addition the

in A VHDL-Based Approach for Power Estimation of Embedded Systems
by William Fornaciari, Paolo Gubian, Donatella Sciuto, Cristina Silvano 1997
"... In PAGE 20: ...applied to the FSM (see Table4 ), to evaluate the effects of the state encoding on the power estimates. In particular, we derived the ENC_A state encoding to minimize power, ENC_B is the state encoding proposed in [3], ENC_C has been derived by using NOVA to minimize the area, ENC_D and ENC_E are randomly generated encodings and ENC_F is an example of the One-Hot encoding.... ..."
Cited by 1

Table 1 - Levels of abstraction in the proposed approach

in A Framework for Building Intelligent . . .
by Vladan Devedzic
"... In PAGE 7: ...efined. Hence the first problem considered here are the levels of abstraction in designing an IMS. We have defined five such levels of abstraction so far. The levels are: the primitives level, the units level, the blocks level, the system level, and the integration level (see Figure 1 and Table1 ). Each level has associated concepts, operations, knowledge representation techniques, inference methods, knowledge acquisition tools, and development tools.... In PAGE 7: ... We believe that for reaching consensus on these contents, appropriate vocabularies and ontologies at the higher levels must be developed first. Both Levels 1 and 2 in Table1 are defined to specify concepts related to an IMS as a whole. The difference between the two levels is in the type of problems treated at each level.... In PAGE 21: ... Some essential features of the foundation class libraries are the following: 1. There are five fairly distinct levels of abstraction in the design of a complex IMS: the primitives level, the units level, the blocks level, the system level, and the integration level (see Table1 ). The first three of them are domain-independent, while the other two are domain-dependent.... ..."

Table 1: Common abstraction levels for network analysis and design Abstraction level

in unknown title
by unknown authors 2003
Cited by 2

Table 1: Abstractions of Optoelectronic Systems

in Computer-aided design of free-space optoelectronic interconnection �FSOI� systems
by S. P. Levitan, P. J. March, M. A. Rempel, D. M. Chiarulli, F. B. Mccormick 1995
"... In PAGE 3: ... After those decisions are made, the components themselves can be refined. One view of the functionality space for such a CAD system is shown in Table1 . It incorporates a number of design disciplines, as well as examples of some of the design tasks required at differ- ent levels of design.... ..."
Cited by 4

Table 1: Abstractions of Optoelectronic Systems

in Computer-Aided Design of Free-Space Opto-Electronic Systems
by S. P. Levitan, P. J. Marchand, M. A. Rempel, D. M. Chiarulli, F. B. Mccormick
"... In PAGE 3: ... After those decisions are made, the components themselves can be refined. One view of the functionality space for such a CAD system is shown in Table1 . It incorporates a number of design disciplines, as well as examples of some of the design tasks required at differ- ent levels of design.... ..."

Table 2. Sex differences in abstract treatment

in Economics
by Evan C. Moore, Nancy Lutz Co-chair, Catherine Eckel Co-chair, Aris Spanos, Anya Mcguirk, Russell Murphy, Evan C. Moore, Nancy Lutz, Catherine Eckel 2002
"... In PAGE 6: ...able 1. Arrow-Pratt measures for the functional forms .......................................7 Table2 .... In PAGE 6: ...able 1. A sample decision sheet with ambiguity in the probability....................34 Table2 .... In PAGE 6: ...able 2. Experimental design: Decision sheets ....................................................36 Table2 .... In PAGE 7: ...able 1. A sample decision sheet .........................................................................65 Table2 .... In PAGE 7: ...able 2. Experimental design: Decision sheets ....................................................66 Table2 .... In PAGE 18: ... The remaining factors are presented as conjectures and are grouped under four headings. Table2 lists the variables used to test each implication or conjecture under these groupings. Some of these have been investigated, with differing conclusions, in earlier research while others are being investigated empirically for the first time.... In PAGE 18: ... Each factor is discussed below and the accompanying variables are listed in italics. Table2 . Grouping of factors affecting service contract (SC) demand Group General hypothesis or conjecture Probability the vehicle works As the probability of the vehicle working increases the likelihood of an SC purchase decreases.... In PAGE 29: ... I will focus on the results of model 2. These results are discussed in relation to the groupings presented in Table2 . The probability of the vehicle working hypothesis receives support from the data.... In PAGE 44: ... Subjects complete a series of sheets, where the underlying probability, the range over probabilities, and the range over payoffs are varied. The full set of decision sheets is summarized in Table2 . For example, the sample decision sheet shown in Table 1 appears as sheet 10 in the gain domain of the table.... In PAGE 44: ...0 percentage points (e.g., 85-95% or 80-100%). We also use several different ranges for ambiguity in payoffs, as shown in Table2 . We chose the levels of ambiguity over both probabilities and payoffs in part allows us to compare a subset of the choices that involve the same range of possible expected values.... In PAGE 45: ... Table2 . Experimental design: Decision sheets Gain Domain (abstract and investment): Option A choice Option B choice: Decision sheet Probability (%) Prize ($) Choice range: Minimum ($) Maximum ($) 1 10 50 1 20 2 5-15 50 1 20 3 0-20 50 1 20 4 10 45-55 1 20 5 10 40-60 1 20 6 5-15 45-55 1 20 7 10 0-100 1 20 8 10 25-75 1 20 9 50 50 16 35 10 45-55 50 16 35 11 50 45-55 16 35 12 45-55 45-55 16 35 13 90 50 31 50 14 85-95 50 31 50 15 80-100 50 31 50 16 90 45-55 31 50 17 90 40-60 31 50 18 85-95 45-55 31 50 19 90 47-53 31 50 20 90 44-56 31 50 36 ... In PAGE 46: ... Table2 . Continued Loss Domain (abstract and insurance): Option A choice Option B choice: Decision sheet Probability (%) Prize ($) Choice range: Minimum ($) Maximum ($) 1 10 50 1 20 2 5-15 50 1 20 3 0-20 50 1 20 4 10 45-55 1 20 5 10 40-60 1 20 6 5-15 45-55 1 20 7 10 47-53 1 20 8 10 44-56 1 20 9 50 50 16 35 10 45-55 50 16 35 11 50 45-55 16 35 12 45-55 45-55 16 35 13 90 50 31 50 14 85-95 50 31 50 15 80-100 50 31 50 16 90 45-55 31 50 17 90 40-60 31 50 18 85-95 45-55 31 50 19 90 0-100 31 50 20 90 25-75 31 50 An important characteristic of our instrument is that there is no asymmetry of information between the experimenter and the subject.... In PAGE 73: ... This elicits the willingness-to-pay to avoid the gamble. The various gambles are presented in Table2 . The ranges in either the probability or dollar amount introduce weak ambiguity in the gambles.... In PAGE 75: ... Table2 . Experimental design: Decision sheets Gain domain: Investment opportunities Option A choice Option B choice Decision Sheet* Probability (%) Amount ($) Min Max 1 10 50 1 21 2 10 45-55 1 21 3 10 40-60 1 21 4 5-15 50 1 21 5 5-15 45-55 1 21 6 0-20 50 1 21 7 25 50 1 21 8 25 40-60 1 21 9 15-35 50 1 21 10 50 50 16 36 11 0-100 50 16 36 12 75 50 31 51 13 75 40-60 31 51 14 65-85 50 31 51 15 90 50 31 51 16 90 45,55 31 51 17 90 40,60 31 51 18 85-95 50 31 51 19 85-95 45,55 31 51 20 80-100 50 31 51 * Decision sheets were randomized within each domain.... In PAGE 76: ... Table2 continued Loss Domain: Insurance decision Option A choice Option B choice Decision Sheet* Probability (%) Amount ($) Min Max 1 10 50 0 20 2 10 45,55 0 20 3 10 40,60 0 20 4 5-15 50 0 20 5 5-15 45,55 0 20 6 0-20 50 0 20 7 25 50 0 20 8 25 40-60 0 20 9 15-35 50 0 20 10 50 50 15 35 11 0-100 50 15 35 12 75 50 30 50 13 75 40-60 30 50 14 65-85 50 30 50 15 90 50 30 50 16 90 45,55 30 50 17 90 40,60 30 50 18 85-95 50 30 50 19 85-95 45,55 30 50 20 80-100 50 30 50 * Decision sheets were randomized within each domain. The majority of the sessions were conducted at the Laboratory for the Study of Human Thought and Action at Virginia Tech, the School of Business at Virginia Commonwealth University, and Mills E.... ..."

Table 1: Comparison of Communication Abstractions.

in Implications of Hierarchical N-body Methodsfor Multiprocessor Architecture
by Jaswinder Pal Singh, John L. Hennessy, Anoop Gupta
"... In PAGE 26: ... Table1 summarizes the differences between machines that support the two paradigms. The primary advantage of explicit message-passing is the ease and efficiency of building scalable machines, since processing nodes require minimal hardware/software support for communication management.... ..."

Table 4 shows the size of the design descriptions and the implementation for each of those components.

in unknown title
by unknown authors
"... In PAGE 10: ... 5.3 Coding and Design Complexity Finally, we document the coding and design complexity of the design in Table 3, Table4 , and Table 5. Table 3 illustrates how the design size of the biometric oracle evolves over the different modeling abstraction levels.... ..."

Table 2. Comparison of speed and modeling effort

in Using TLM for Exploring Bus-based SoC Communication Architectures
by Sudeep Pasricha, Nikil Dutt, Mohamed Ben-romdhane
"... In PAGE 6: ... Table2 also shows the time taken to model the communication architecture at the three different abstraction levels by a designer familiar with AMBA 2.0.... ..."

Table 4: Simulation at different abstraction levels

in 16.2 Programming models and HW-SW Interfaces Abstraction for Multi-Processor SoC
by Ahmed A. Jerraya
"... In PAGE 5: ... The rest of this section gives 2 snapshots of these experiments. Table4 shows experiments reported in [14] on simulation at different abstraction levels. All the simulations were made using SystemC.... ..."
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