both the social world and cognitive-processing mechanisms impose niters on incoming information that distort it in a positive direction; negative information may be isolated and represented in as unthreatening a manner as possible. These positive illusions may be especially useful when an individual

with specified probabilities. A typical riskless decision concerns the acceptability of a transaction in which a good or a service is exchanged for money or labor. In the first part of this article we present an analysis of the cognitive and psychophysical factors that determine the value of risky prospects

Abstract—A Bayesian inference learning process for cognitive receivers is provided in this paper. We focus on the particular case of signal detection as an explanatory example to the learning framework. Under any prior state of knowledge on the communication channel, an information theoretic

partially true, and their usefulness is best evaluated in terms of the range of their applicability. The fourth claim, I argue, is deeply problematic. The sixth claim has received the least attention in the literature on embodied cognition, but it may in fact be the best documented and most powerful

Abstract-In this work we consider one of the challenges facing unauthorized receivers and cognitive radios since the appearance of MIMO system, which is detecting the number of transmit antennas. To achieves this goal, we present a detector based on objective information theoretic criteria (the

Mental accounting is the set of cognitive operations used by individuals and households to organize, evaluate, and keep track of financial activities. Making use of research on this topic over the past decade, this paper summarizes the current state of our knowledge about how people engage

-process accounts, this model is not limited to specific domains of mental functioning and attempts to integrate cognitive, motivational, and behavioral mechanisms. In the history of attempts to discover the causes of human behavior, the most widespread explanations are based on the assumption that human beings do

Abstract—In a cognitive radio network, the secondary users are allowed to utilize the frequency bands of primary users when these bands are not currently being used. To support this spectrum reuse functionality, the secondary users are required to sense the radio frequency environment, and once

. In this paper, the cognitive radio channel is defined as an n-transmitter, m-receiver interference channel in which sender i obtains the messages senders 1 through i − 1 plan to transmit. The two sender, two receiver case is considered. In this scenario, one user, a cognitive radio, obtains (genie assisted

Abstract—Although noncircular (NC) signals are frequently en-countered in wireless communications, their statistical property has not yet been utilized in state-of-the-art methods for spectrum sensing. In this paper, a variant of Hadamard (HDM) ratio test is devised to exploit the NC property of the primary signals for spectrum sensing, which is named the NC-HDM algorithm. As the NC-HDM approach is able to exploit full statistical property of the NC signals and handle deviations from independent and identi-cally distributed (IID) noise, it is superior to the state-of-the-art al-gorithms in detection accuracy and/or robustness. Moreover, per-formance analysis is conducted for the NC-HDM approach, in-cluding the invariant property, false-alarm probability and detec-tion probability. That is, employing the moment-matching Box’s Chi-square approximation, the false-alarm probability can be de-termined. Since the exact moments of the NC-HDM test statistic under the signal-absence hypothesis can be determined and all mo-ments have been matched, the derived false-alarm probability is very accurate, leading to simple and precise computation of the theoretical decision threshold. On the other hand, as the first two exactmoments of the NC-HDM test statistic under the signal-pres-ence hypothesis can be precisely calculated, the detection prob-ability based on moment-matching Beta approximation is quite accurate. Numerical results are included to demonstrate the su-periority of the NC-HDM approach and validate our theoretical calculations. Index Terms—Beta distribution, generalized likelihood ratio test, multiple antenna, noncircular, spectrum sensing. I.