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Results 11 - 20
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41,344
The architecture of complexity
- Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
, 1962
"... A number of proposals have been advanced in recent years for the development of “general systems theory ” that, abstracting from properties peculiar to physical, biological, or social systems, would be applicable to all of them. 1 We might well feel that, while the goal is laudable, systems of such ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 772 (1 self)
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A number of proposals have been advanced in recent years for the development of “general systems theory ” that, abstracting from properties peculiar to physical, biological, or social systems, would be applicable to all of them. 1 We might well feel that, while the goal is laudable, systems
Using Bayesian networks to analyze expression data
- Journal of Computational Biology
, 2000
"... DNA hybridization arrays simultaneously measure the expression level for thousands of genes. These measurements provide a “snapshot ” of transcription levels within the cell. A major challenge in computational biology is to uncover, from such measurements, gene/protein interactions and key biologica ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 1088 (17 self)
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biological features of cellular systems. In this paper, we propose a new framework for discovering interactions between genes based on multiple expression measurements. This framework builds on the use of Bayesian networks for representing statistical dependencies. A Bayesian network is a graph-based model
Epidemic Spreading in Scale-Free Networks
, 2000
"... The Internet, as well as many other networks, has a very complex connectivity recently modeled by the class of scale-free networks. This feature, which appears to be very efficient for a communications network, favors at the same time the spreading of computer viruses. We analyze real data from c ..."
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Cited by 575 (15 self)
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framework rationalize data of computer viruses and could help in the understanding of other spreading phenomena on communication and social networks. PACS numbers: 05.70.Ln, 05.50.+q Typeset using REVT E X 1 Many social, biological, and communication systems can be properly described by complex
Evolving Neural Networks through Augmenting Topologies
- Evolutionary Computation
"... An important question in neuroevolution is how to gain an advantage from evolving neural network topologies along with weights. We present a method, NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT), which outperforms the best fixed-topology method on a challenging benchmark reinforcement learning task ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 536 (112 self)
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that demonstrate that each component is necessary to the system as a whole and to each other. What results is significantly faster learning. NEAT is also an important contribution to GAs because it shows how it is possible for evolution to both optimize and complexify solutions simultaneously, offering
Paml 4: Phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood
- Mol. Biol. Evol
, 2007
"... PAML, currently in version 4, is a package of programs for phylogenetic analyses of DNA and protein sequences using maximum likelihood (ML). The programs may be used to compare and test phylogenetic trees, but their main strengths lie in the rich repertoire of evolutionary models implemented, which ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 1201 (28 self)
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can be used to estimate parameters in models of sequence evolution and to test interesting biological hypotheses. Uses of the programs include estimation of synonymous and nonsynonymous rates (dN and dS) between two protein-coding DNA sequences, inference of positive Darwinian selection through
Lightness and Retinex Theory
- JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
, 1971
"... Sensations of color show a strong correlation with reflectance, even though the amount of visible light reaching the eye depends on the product of reflectance and illumination. The visual system must achieve this remarkable result by a scheme that does not measure flux. Such a scheme is described as ..."
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Cited by 497 (6 self)
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Sensations of color show a strong correlation with reflectance, even though the amount of visible light reaching the eye depends on the product of reflectance and illumination. The visual system must achieve this remarkable result by a scheme that does not measure flux. Such a scheme is described
Aging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry
- J Gerontol
, 1956
"... The phenomenon of growth, decline and death-aging-has been the source of consider-able speculation (1, 8, 10). This cycle seems to be a more or less direct function of the meta-bolic rate and this in turn depends on the species (animal or plant) on which are super-imposed the factors of heredity and ..."
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Cited by 637 (2 self)
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systems. In the first place, free radicals are present in living cells; this was recently demonstrated in vivo by a paramagnetic resonance absorption method (3). Further, it was shown that the concentra-tion of free radicals increased with increasing metabolic activity in conformity with the postu
What is a hidden Markov model?
, 2004
"... Often, problems in biological sequence analysis are just a matter of putting the right label on each residue. In gene identification, we want to label nucleotides as exons, introns, or intergenic sequence. In sequence alignment, we want to associate residues in a query sequence with ho-mologous resi ..."
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Cited by 1344 (8 self)
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Often, problems in biological sequence analysis are just a matter of putting the right label on each residue. In gene identification, we want to label nucleotides as exons, introns, or intergenic sequence. In sequence alignment, we want to associate residues in a query sequence with ho
Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation.
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
, 1990
"... ABSTRACT Paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin in venous blood is a naturally occurring contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By accentuating the effects of this agent through the use of gradient-echo techniques in high fields, we demonstrate in vivo images of brain microvasculature with imag ..."
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Cited by 648 (1 self)
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to regional neural activity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a widely accepted modality for providing anatomical information. Current research (1) involves extending MRI methods to provide information about biological function, in addition to the concomitant anatomical information. In addition
Results 11 - 20
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41,344
