of the cerebrospinal fl uid). Multiple sclerosis is triggered by environmental factors in individuals with complex genetic-risk profi les. Licensed disease modifying agents reduce the frequency of new episodes but do not reverse fi xed defi cits and have questionable eff ects on the long-term accumulation

the extent to which households substitute this increase by decreasing accumulation of other wealth. As the decision to either stay in the old system or opt-out to the new one was not random, we follow an instrumental variable approach that allow us to overcome the unobserved heterogeneity problem. Using data

protein must re¯ect the consequence of this process of adaptation. It is reasonable to assume that the sequence changes accumulated during the evolution of one of the interacting proteins must be compensated by changes in the other. Here we apply a method for detecting correlated changes in multiple

of the population is small. If, however, the demographic process is such that fertility patterns remain at their current low levels, then the e#ects of the aging of the baby boom are very large. The contribution of general equilibrium e#ects is to exacerbate the reduction of savings since popualtion aging tends

We estimate the e¤ect of factor proportions on the pattern of manufacturing spe-cialization in a cross-section of OECD countries, taking into account that factor accu-mulation responds to productivity. We show that the failure to control for productivity di¤erences produces biased estimates. Our

intervention have positive e¤ects on consumption and foreign asset accumulation in the long run; and, in the short run, except for negative e¤ects on both consumption and foreign asset accumulation of government consumption and positive e¤ects on both consumption and foreign asset accumulation of foreign

This paper examines how the implementation of a carbon tax a¤ects collusive behaviour amongst polluting …rms. We use a dynamic scenario where pollution is allowed to accumulate into a stock over time. We examine the following two scenarios: (i) the carbon tax rate is an exogenously given constant

This paper provides empirical evidence of the long- and short-term e ects of exposure to political violence on human capital accumulation. Using a novel data set that registers all the violent acts and fatalities during the Peruvian civil con ict, I exploit the variation in con ict location

capital accumulation. I control for indirect e¤ects of …nancial globalization through …nancial development and banking and currency crises. While the evidence on …nancial depth as an indirect channel is weak, the results are more robust for …nancial crises: they depress both investments and TFP

accumulation. I also control for indirect e¤ects of …nancial globalization through …nancial development and banking and currency crises. While nancial integration does not systematically increase domestic …nancial depth, it may raise the likelyhood of banking crises, though only to a minor extent. Yet