argue that India should Trading System after Seattle engage more actively in the multilateral trading system, to Toward a Proactive Role help facilitate and consolidate domestic reform and to gain access to export markets for Aaditya Mattoo India's goods and services.

multilateral trade negotiations Autonomous Liberalization approaches, there is a in M ultilateral Tra e 1demand for a negotiating rule that would give credit for Negotiations? previous unilateral liberalization. The feasibility and desirability of such a rule Aaditya Mattoo depend on when it is

(The Team is indebted to Henry Gill of the RNM for the necessary clarifications to the Terms of Reference and subsequent comments and support. The insightful comments from Aaditya Mattoo of MC3-327, Development Research Group, World Bank on the Draft Report were also of assistance in the revision

*I am deeply indebted to Susan Teltscher for discussions on virtually all aspects of the paper as it progressed. I also benefited from incisive comments by Bijit Bora and Aaditya Mattoo and discussions with Jolita Butkeviciene and Erich Supper. The inspiration to work on e-commerce came from John

services at the World Trade of Supply in the World Organization are to advanceTrade Organization liberalization beyond levels undertaken unilaterally and lead to more balanced A Negotiating Formula outcomes, reciprocity must play a greater role in negotiations. This may be Aaditya Mattoo

The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment of the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is copyrighted. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior

economists Aaditya Mattoo, Will Martin and Bernard Hoekman, has established itself as an important player in trade negotiations through excellent research. This splendid volume on the Doha Round shows why. Read it to see why failure to close the Round would be a tragedy.”

JEL classification numbers: D78, F13, G20 Keywords: Financial services, financial sector liberalization, GATS, endogenous protection, trade in services Philipp Harms, University of Konstanz, Germany (Box D 138, 78457 Konstanz, Germany, email: Philipp.Harms@uni-konstanz.de); Aaditya Mattoo, World

This paper was prepared with assistance from Carsten Fink, Faezeh Foroutan, Aaditya Mattoo, Marcelo Olarreaga, Garry Pursell, and the staff of the IMF Policy Development and Review Department---in particular, Geoffrey Bannister, Anne McGuirk, and Kamau Thugge. The report benefited from helpful

. And finally, establishing workable domestic systems for protecting intellectual property/resources created in India would serve as a basis for seeking their replication internationally. The author would like to thank Aaditya Mattoo and Jayashree Watal for helpful discussions. The views expressed in the paper