"... In PAGE 4: ... The XML Protocol Activity which became the Web Services protocol or SOAP layer in the Web Services architecture was initiated in September 2000 in W3C following the observations that distributed object oriented systems such as CORBA, DCOM and RMI exist with distinct functionality and distinct from the Web address space causes a certain tension, counter to the concept of a single space [1]. As shown in Table1 , it was 2003 before any parts of SOAP reached the final recommendation form of publication. In 2002 IBM and Microsoft agreed the main structure of the Web Services Architecture shown in Figure 2 (after [9]) which incorporated the Web Services ... ..."

"... In PAGE 7: ... (These gures ignore various other usage of the smarthost by internal systems.) The results of running the extrusion detection program on the logs for this period are summarised in Table1 . The false negative gures were obtained by comparing the results with a very much more... In PAGE 8: ...Table1 some excellent results were obtained in detecting customers infected by mass mailing email malware and those who were causing substantial email loops. In the latter case, only those sending 10,000 emails or more in a day are counted, the 867 customers with smaller loops were disregarded.... ..."

"... In PAGE 7: ... It is also worth noticing that since the positive experiences of these cases, the Web- HIPRE software has been implemented as a part of the related RODOS system (Real-time On-line DecisiOn Support system) [10]. The participants of the conferences were authorities and high-level representatives from the organizations that would also be involved in the decision making process in a real accident situation ( Table2 ). Before the conferences, we organized preparatory meetings with the staff of the radiation authority and other experts on the issues at hand to learn the need for background information on the problem, and to calculate the impacts of different countermeasures.... ..."

"... In PAGE 7: ... It is also worth noticing that since the positive experiences of these cases, the Web- HIPRE software has been implemented as a part of the related RODOS system (Real-time On-line DecisiOn Support system) [10]. The participants of the conferences were authorities and high-level representatives from the organizations that would also be involved in the decision making process in a real accident situation ( Table2 ). Before the conferences, we organized preparatory meetings with the staff of the radiation authority and other experts on the issues at hand to learn the need for background information on the problem, and to calculate the impacts of different countermeasures.... ..."

"... In PAGE 7: ... These practices still are guided by the agile principles. Table3 shows the mapping between Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences - 2004 0-7695-2056-1/04 $17.00 (C) 2004 IEEE... ..."

"... In PAGE 4: ... Importance is placed on the students apos; ability to interact with the client, the ability to present and demonstrate their work, produce appropriate documentation and ability to work in a team. Table3 shows the weight each component is given in semester 1 and it also shows the assessment tasks for each component. The major differences in semester 2 are that there is a combined analysis/design report worth 15%, and software is worth 40% to equate to its increased importance.... In PAGE 5: ... Apart from the fact that the 40/60 split has the majority support it was decided to retain the emphasis on team component to encourage students to work as a team. Table3 also indicates how much of each component forms part of the team and individual assessment. 5 Where does the assessment data come from? McGourty, Dominick, Besterfield-Sacre, Shuman, Wolfe (2000) recommended multi-source assessment as it provides critical information from several sources, such as peers, self and lecturers, on student competencies and specific behaviours and skills, affording the student a better understanding of personal strengths and areas in need of development.... In PAGE 6: ...contributors of assessment data: Lecturer, Client, Staff and Students. Table3 shows the variety of people who assess each component, and how much their assessment is worth. The rest of this section discusses how the software and professionalism components are evaluated for each student.... ..."

"... In PAGE 54: ... 26 These increasing costs are summarized below, for two types of operators. Table6 -1: Average annual operating cost per subscriber GSM GPRS WCDMA for a large, mature operator $350 $364 $379 for new entrant or poorly-run operator $600 $624 $649 For the three general models, our operator is assumed to be an established, well- run company. The operating costs in the $300-$400/sub/year range are used.... In PAGE 57: ...- 50 - Table6 -2: GSM Network Provisioning Calculations Subscribers per cell site Channels per transceiver 8 Channels per transceiver quot;lost quot; for controls 0.5 Effective voice channels per cell 7.... In PAGE 58: ... About 50,000 subscribers are allocated to an OSS in the model. Table6 -3: GSM Network Elements and Costs Base Station Subsystem BTS (Base Transceiver Station) (=cell site) 3 sector Cell site, (6 transceivers/sector), power system, 6 antennas/cables $318,000 Container for cell site with AC wiring, security, etc. $10,000 Antenna installation $8,000 4xE1 microwave for cell interconnection+installation $30,000 70 m Lattice Tower Materials and Installation $35,000 Site Preparation $20,000 $421,000 BSC (Base Station Controller) Controller and transcoders (120 TRX capacity, at US$3000/TRX) $360,000 Network Subsystem Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Mobile Switch, at 2500 Erlangs capacity $3,000,000 Operations Support System Authentication center (50,000 subs) $500,000 Operation management center (50,000 subs) $500,000 Billing and customer management system (50,000 subs) $500,000 Total $1,500,000 Software licensing per quot;connected quot; user $30 Software licensing per cell site... In PAGE 62: ...- 55 - Table6 -5: GPRS Network Provisioning Calculations Subscribers per cell site Channels per transceiver 8 Channels per transceiver quot;lost quot; for controls 0.5 Effective voice channels per cell 7.... In PAGE 63: ... These include the BTS (as mentioned), the Mobile Switching Center, and the Operations Support System, which faces heavier billing and customer management loads. Table6 -6: GPRS Network Elements and Costs Base Station Subsystem BTS (Base Transceiver Station) (=cell site) 3 sector Cell site, (6 transceivers/sector), power system, 6 antennas/cables $318,000 Container for cell site with AC wiring, security, etc. $10,000 Antenna installation $8,000 4xE1 microwave for cell interconnection+installation $30,000 70 m Lattice Tower Materials and Installation $35,000 Site Preparation $20,000 Packet Data Protocol upgrades DNS server $1,000 Software to packetize data $1,000 Router software $1,000 $424,000 BSC (Base Station Controller) Controller and transcoders (120 TRX capacity, at US$3000/TRX) $360,000 Network Subsystem Mobile Switching Center (MSC) Mobile Switch, at 2500 Erlangs capacity $3,000,000 upgrade (signaling lines between SGSN and MSC $10,000 $3,010,000 Operations Support System Authentication center (50,000 subs) $500,000 Operation management center (50,000 subs) $700,000 Billing and customer management system (50,000 subs) $700,000 Total $1,900,000 Software licensing per quot;connected quot; user $30 Software licensing per cell site... In PAGE 65: ...- 58 - Table6 -7: GPRS Model, 2000-2004 GPRS Model Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 5-Year Total Subscribers 130,188,000 159,879,000 186,930,000 209,928,000 229,887,000 247,502,000 Yearly Subscriber growth 29,691,000 27,051,000 22,998,000 19,959,000 17,615,000 Cumulative subscriber growth 0 29,691,000 56,742,000 79,740,000 99,699,000 117,314,000 Capital Costs Radio Network Elements BTSs (cell sites) required 6,741 6,142 5,222 4,532 3,999 BTS costs $2,858,222,811 $2,604,081,548 $2,213,916,951 $1,921,365,703 $1,695,719,067 BSCs required 1,011 921 783 680 600 BSC costs $364,018,943 $331,651,895 $281,961,121 $244,702,236 $215,964,221 mobile switches required 338 308 262 227 201 mobile switch costs $1,017,476,425 $927,006,661 $788,115,012 $683,971,977 $603,645,793 operations support systems 593 541 459 399 352 systems cost $1,126,700,000 $1,027,900,000 $872,100,000 $758,100,000 $668,800,000 maximum simultaneous callers 807,667 735,853 625,601 542,933 479,171 software license costs $24,230,011 $22,075,579 $18,768,037 $16,287,993 $14,375,118 Data Network Elements SGSNs 2,247 2,047 1,741 1,511 1,333 SGSN costs $58,422,793 $53,228,082 $45,253,019 $39,273,198 $34,660,924 GPRS Backbones 26 24 20 17 15 Backbone costs $103,709,101 $94,487,719 $80,330,804 $69,715,737 $61,528,268 Border Gateways 52 47 40 35 31 Borrder Gateway costs $311,127 $283,463 $240,992 $209,147 $184,585 Hardware Routers 104 94 80 70 62 Router costs $311,127 $283,463 $240,992 $209,147 $184,585 Charging Gateways 26 24 20 17 15 Charging Gateway costs $129,636 $118,110 $100,414 $87,145 $76,910 GGSNs 26 24 20 17 15 GGSN costs $907,455 $826,768 $702,895 $610,013 $538,372 Total Capital Costs $5,554,439,429 $5,061,943,289 $4,301,730,238 $3,734,532,295 $3,295,677,843 Total Capital Costs, depreciated $5,554,439,429 $4,601,766,627 $3,555,148,957 $2,805,809,388 $2,250,992,312 Total Capital Costs, discounted $5,554,439,429 $4,183,424,206 $2,938,139,634 $2,108,046,121 $1,537,458,037 $16,321,507,427 Operating Costs yearly operating costs $10,807,524,000 $20,654,088,000 $29,025,360,000 $36,290,436,000 $42,702,296,000 based on cumulative growth Total Operating Costs $10,807,524,000 $20,654,088,000 $29,025,360,000 $36,290,436,000 $42,702,296,000 Total Operating Costs, discounted $10,807,524,000 $18,776,443,636 $23,987,900,826 $27,265,541,698 $29,166,242,743 $110,003,652,904 Total $16,361,963,429 $22,959,867,842 $26,926,040,460 $29,373,587,819 $30,703,700,780... In PAGE 69: ...- 62 - Table6 -8: WCDMA Network Provisioning Calculations Subscribers per cell site Channels per transceiver 12 Transceivers per sector 6 Voice channels per sector 72 Maximum simultaneous calls per cell site 81 Erlangs per sector 58 Sectors per cell site 3 Erlangs per cell site 174 Erlangs per subscriber 0.069 Subscribers per cell site (if all on at same time) 2522 % of users expected to be on at any time 33% Adjusted subscribers per cell site 7642 Cell sites (BTS) per BSC Transceivers per cell site 18 Transceivers per BSC 120 Cell sites per BSC 6.... In PAGE 70: ...- 63 - Cost calculations for individual pieces of equipment in the WCDMA Radio Access Network and Core Network are provided below. Table6 -9: WCDMA Network Elements and Costs Radio Access Network (RAN) Elements BS (Base Station) (=cell site) 3 sector Cell site, (6 transceivers/sector), power system, 6 antennas/cables $318,000 Container for cell site with AC wiring, security, etc. $10,000 Antenna installation $8,000 4xE1 microwave for cell interconnection+installation $30,000 70 m Lattice Tower Materials and Installation $35,000 Site Preparation $20,000 $421,000 RNC (Radio Network Controller) Controller and transcoders (120 TRX capacity, at US$3000/TRX) $360,000 Core Network Elements PDSN (Packet Data Serving Node Software to communicate with Home Agent/Foreign Agent $2,000 Software to route packets to and from mobile unit and PDGN $1,000 Computer to run the software $5,000 ISDN line to RNC (Radio Network Controller) $3,000 T1 line to Core Network $15,000 Total $26,000 Core Network Backbone $4,000,000 Hardware Router $3,000 Charging Gateway $5,000 Border Gateway Routers $1,000 switches $3,000 firewalls $2,000 $6,000 PDGN (Packet Data Gateway Node) Router software for sending packets from the PDGN to the IP network $1,000 DNS servers $1,000 Computer to run the software $5,000 T1 line to Core Network Backbone $15,000 T1 line to IP network $15,000 Total... In PAGE 72: ...- 65 - Table6 -10: WCDMA Model, 2000-2004 WCDMA Model Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 5-Year Total Subscribers 130,188,000 159,879,000 186,930,000 209,928,000 229,887,000 247,502,000 Yearly Subscriber growth 29,691,000 27,051,000 22,998,000 19,959,000 17,615,000 Cumulative subscriber growth 0 29,691,000 56,742,000 79,740,000 99,699,000 117,314,000 Capital Costs Radio Network Elements BSs (cell sites) required 3,885 3,540 3,010 2,612 2,305 BS costs $1,635,764,215 $1,490,318,877 $1,267,027,228 $1,099,599,811 $970,461,980 RNCs required 583 531 451 392 346 RNC costs $209,812,987 $191,157,291 $162,516,557 $141,041,306 $124,477,309 Core Network Elements PDSNs 1,295 1,180 1,003 871 768 PDSN costs $33,673,689 $30,679,565 $26,082,904 $22,636,259 $19,977,840 Core Network Backbones 15 14 12 10 9 Backbone costs $59,775,780 $54,460,767 $46,301,013 $40,182,708 $35,463,621 Border Gateways 30 27 23 20 18 Borrder Gateway costs $179,327 $163,382 $138,903 $120,548 $106,391 Hardware Routers 60 54 46 40 35 Router costs $179,327 $163,382 $138,903 $120,548 $106,391 Charging Gateways 15 14 12 10 9 Charging Gateway costs $74,720 $68,076 $57,876 $50,228 $44,330 PDGNs 15 14 12 10 9 PDGN costs $552,926 $503,762 $428,284 $371,690 $328,038 Call Processing Servers (CPSs) 4 3 3 3 2 CPS costs $3,420,000 $2,565,000 $2,565,000 $2,565,000 $1,710,000 Application servers 2,969 2,705 2,300 1,996 1,762 application server costs $74,227,500 $67,627,500 $57,495,000 $49,897,500 $44,037,500 operations support systems 593 541 459 399 352 systems cost $1,126,700,000 $1,027,900,000 $872,100,000 $758,100,000 $668,800,000 maximum simultaneous callers 314,719 286,736 243,775 211,562 186,716 software license costs $9,441,584 $8,602,078 $7,313,245 $6,346,859 $5,601,479 Total Capital Costs $3,153,802,057 $2,874,209,681 $2,442,164,914 $2,121,032,457 $1,871,114,878 Total Capital Costs, depreciated $3,153,802,057 $2,612,917,891 $2,018,318,110 $1,593,563,078 $1,277,996,638 Total Capital Costs, discounted $3,153,802,057 $2,375,379,901 $1,668,031,496 $1,197,267,527 $872,888,900 $9,267,369,881 Operating Costs yearly operating costs $11,239,824,960 $21,480,251,520 $30,186,374,400 $37,742,053,440 $44,410,387,840 based on cumulative growth Total Operating Costs $11,239,824,960 $21,480,251,520 $30,186,374,400 $37,742,053,440 $44,410,387,840 Total Operating Costs, discounted $11,239,824,960 $19,527,501,382 $24,947,416,860 $28,356,163,366 $30,332,892,453 $114,403,799,020 Total $14,393,627,017 $21,902,881,283 $26,615,448,356 $29,553,430,893 $31,205,781,352... In PAGE 73: ...5.1 Capital Cost Comparison A comparison of the capital costs for each of the three models yields the following results: Table6 -11: Capital Costs for 2000-2004 GSM: $15.1 billion GPRS: $16.... In PAGE 74: ...- 67 - Table6 -12: Capital Cost Comparison, Three Models Capital Costs 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 GSM Capital Costs $5,132,916,005 $3,865,792,674 $2,715,222,553 $1,948,014,030 $1,420,758,917 GPRS Capital Costs $5,554,439,429 $4,183,424,206 $2,938,139,634 $2,108,046,121 $1,537,458,037 WCDMA Capital Costs $3,153,802,057 $2,375,379,901 $1,668,031,496 $1,197,267,527 $872,888,900 Figure 6-1: Capital Cost Comparison, Three Models Yearly Capital Costs $0 $1,000,000,000 $2,000,000,000 $3,000,000,000 $4,000,000,000 $5,000,000,000 $6,000,000,000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year Dollars GSM Capital Costs GPRS Capital Costs WCDMA Capital Costs 6.5.... In PAGE 74: ...5.2 Operating Cost Comparison A comparison of the operating costs for each of the three models yields the following results: Table6 -13: Operating Costs for 2000-2004 GSM: $105.8 billion GPRS: $110.... In PAGE 75: ...- 68 - move in the regular way that they do because of the manner in which they were constructed. Table6 -14: Operating Cost Comparison, Three Models Operating Costs 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 GSM Op. Costs $10,391,850,000 $18,054,272,727 $23,065,289,256 $26,216,867,017 $28,044,464,176 GPRS Op.... In PAGE 76: ...5.3 Overall Cost Comparison Table6 -15: Overall Costs for 2000-2004 GSM: $120.9 billion GPRS: $126.... ..."