"... In PAGE 29: ...0 Applications Of Advanced Discrete Choice Models And Conclusions There have been several applications of advanced discrete choice models in the past few years. Table1 presents various studies within the past five years, organized by model type. The model types are: Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) models, Mixed Multinomial Logit (MMNL) mod- els, and mixed GEV models and other mixed models.... In PAGE 29: ... The model types are: Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) models, Mixed Multinomial Logit (MMNL) mod- els, and mixed GEV models and other mixed models. Several important observations may be made based on Table1... In PAGE 30: ... Such a MGEV structure, in fact, may be the only practical solution in some situations (for exam- ple, see Bhat and Guo, 2003). Fifth, Table1 indicates that, while the number of applications of advanced discrete choice models in the area of travel behavior modeling has risen considerably in the past few years, only a small group of researchers have been involved with such methods. Hopefully, the important progress in both conceptual and computational issues in the recent past... ..."

"... In PAGE 2: ... For example, technology that takes 10Gb/s to 1,000km may not be able to carry 20Gb/s to 500kms. Table1 shows some of the recent records. Each of these records improves one of the three factors over other records.... ..."

"... In PAGE 39: ... The primary bottleneck in trace-driven simulation comes from collecting and processing each memory reference made by a workload, whether or not it changes the state of a simulated memory structure. Several researchers, noting this bottleneck to trace-driven simulation, have developed innovative methods for eliminating or reducing the cost of processing memory references (see Table8 ). Although the mechanisms that they use differ, each of these tools works by finding special cases where a memory reference has no affect on simulated memory state.... ..."

"... In PAGE 39: ... The primary bottleneck in trace-driven simulation comes from collecting and processing each memory reference made by a workload, whether or not it changes the state of a simulated memory structure. Several researchers, noting this bottleneck to trace-driven simulation, have developed innovative methods for eliminating or reducing the cost of processing memory references (see Table8 ). Although the mechanisms that they use differ, each of these tools works by finding special cases where a memory reference has no affect on simulated memory state.... ..."

"... In PAGE 23: ... World Bank-UNCTAD records show that most of the products listed in Table 4 do not encounter major OECD restrictions (the processed foodstuffs are an exception). In addition, this study shows (see Table7 ) that Mercosur provides sizeable trade preferences on intra-trade. It is also possible that idiosyncracies in demand patterns and in the ability to produce certain varieties of goods made trade between Mercosur countries increase disproportionately fast as a result of the MFN liberalization.... In PAGE 24: ... However, the margins have not changed over the period which is the focus of analysis. In contrast, Table7 in this study shows that preferences Mercosur countries extend to each other are far higher. Tariff differentials set at these levels clearly have the potential to signif.... In PAGE 26: ... A key question is what factors are responsible for this surprising reorientation of trade? Evidence suggests that Mercosur apos;s own trade barriers are the cause. The analysis that follows (see Table7 ) will show that goods, such as those listed in Table 5, generally are protected by higher than average discriminatory trade measures. As a result, local producers would have a strong incentive to seek the higher prices available on sales to Mercosur markets.... In PAGE 29: ...goods experiencing the greatest shift toward intra-trade. Since the goods in these three deciles enjoy well above average levels of protection against third countries (see Table7 ) domestic producers would have a strong incentive to divert trade to local markets (which would cause the RCA indices to decline) in order to profit from the higher prices. Mercosur apos;s regional orientation indices show a fairly consistent tendency to move counter to the revealed comparative advantage measure over the decile ranges.... In PAGE 32: ... 17Moreover, if in fact the bulk of the preferences was not implemented until late 1994 the trade reorientation we reported above would have arisen from partial preferences and so one might expect an even larger effect to follow over 1995 and 1996. 18The 1996 tariff statistics reported in Table7 are drawn from the WTO apos;s Integrated Data Base and are the average duties actually applied by Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay to imports from non-Mercosur sources. They are based on the lower of the following two rates: (i) the legally bound tariff, or (ii) the current MFN applied rate.... In PAGE 33: ... Given the tariff data, however, our thesis that discrimination exists does not depend on these NTB measures. Table7 summarizes statistics relating to these barriers. The data strongly suggest that tariff preferences, and the protection they provide for intra-trade, have been a major factor behind the recent pattern of trade changes.... In PAGE 36: ...Similarly, Table7 shows that nontariff barriers were also structured along lines that would reinforce the trade distorting effects of the agreements preferential tariffs. According to the UNCTAD data, nontariff restrictions were applied to about 21 percent of all tariff line items, which is almost one- half the corresponding ratio (41.... In PAGE 37: ...Table7 . Tariffs and Nontariff Barriers on Mercosur apos;s Imports Average 1988-94 Change in External Tariff (%) Nontariff Barrier Ratio Mercosur Intra-Trade Regional Orientation ($000) Index Change Frequency Trade Decile Range 1988 1996 Ratio Coverage First Decile Products 682,680 54.... In PAGE 38: ...Similarly, Table7 shows that nontariff barriers were also structured along lines that would reinforce the trade distorting effects of the agreements preferential tariffs. According to the UNCTAD data, nontariff restrictions were applied to about 21 percent of all tariff line items, which is almost one- half the corresponding ratio (41.... ..."

"... In PAGE 23: ... World Bank-UNCTAD records show that most of the products listed in Table 4 do not encounter major OECD restrictions (the processed foodstuffs are an exception). In addition, this study shows (see Table7 ) that Mercosur provides sizeable trade preferences on intra-trade. It is also possible that idiosyncracies in demand patterns and in the ability to produce certain varieties of goods made trade between Mercosur countries increase disproportionately fast as a result of the MFN liberalization.... In PAGE 24: ... However, the margins have not changed over the period which is the focus of analysis. In contrast, Table7 in this study shows that preferences Mercosur countries extend to each other are far higher. Tariff differentials set at these levels clearly have the potential to signif.... In PAGE 26: ... A key question is what factors are responsible for this surprising reorientation of trade? Evidence suggests that Mercosur apos;s own trade barriers are the cause. The analysis that follows (see Table7 ) will show that goods, such as those listed in Table 5, generally are protected by higher than average discriminatory trade measures. As a result, local producers would have a strong incentive to seek the higher prices available on sales to Mercosur markets.... In PAGE 29: ...goods experiencing the greatest shift toward intra-trade. Since the goods in these three deciles enjoy well above average levels of protection against third countries (see Table7 ) domestic producers would have a strong incentive to divert trade to local markets (which would cause the RCA indices to decline) in order to profit from the higher prices. Mercosur apos;s regional orientation indices show a fairly consistent tendency to move counter to the revealed comparative advantage measure over the decile ranges.... In PAGE 32: ... 17Moreover, if in fact the bulk of the preferences was not implemented until late 1994 the trade reorientation we reported above would have arisen from partial preferences and so one might expect an even larger effect to follow over 1995 and 1996. 18The 1996 tariff statistics reported in Table7 are drawn from the WTO apos;s Integrated Data Base and are the average duties actually applied by Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay to imports from non-Mercosur sources. They are based on the lower of the following two rates: (i) the legally bound tariff, or (ii) the current MFN applied rate.... In PAGE 33: ... Given the tariff data, however, our thesis that discrimination exists does not depend on these NTB measures. Table7 summarizes statistics relating to these barriers. The data strongly suggest that tariff preferences, and the protection they provide for intra-trade, have been a major factor behind the recent pattern of trade changes.... In PAGE 35: ...Table7 . Tariffs and Nontariff Barriers on Mercosur apos;s Imports Average 1988-94 Change in External Tariff (%) Nontariff Barrier Ratio Mercosur Intra-Trade Regional Orientation ($000) Index Change Frequency Trade Decile Range 1988 1996 Ratio Coverage First Decile Products 682,680 54.... In PAGE 36: ...Similarly, Table7 shows that nontariff barriers were also structured along lines that would reinforce the trade distorting effects of the agreements preferential tariffs. According to the UNCTAD data, nontariff restrictions were applied to about 21 percent of all tariff line items, which is almost one- half the corresponding ratio (41.... In PAGE 38: ...Similarly, Table7 shows that nontariff barriers were also structured along lines that would reinforce the trade distorting effects of the agreements preferential tariffs. According to the UNCTAD data, nontariff restrictions were applied to about 21 percent of all tariff line items, which is almost one- half the corresponding ratio (41.... ..."

"... In PAGE 3: ...) The cognitive style categorisation is based on Riding and Cheema apos;s [15] classification of the two dimensions of wholist-analytic and verbal-imagery style (see Bull amp; Greer [4]). Table1 summarises the attributes modelled, and the sources of information for ... ..."

"... In PAGE 7: ...ield. Table 1 provides brief descriptions of these categories. For the sake of convenience, this paper groups classification approaches as per-pixel, subpixel, per- field, contextual-based, knowledge-based, and a combination of multiple classifiers. Table2 lists major advanced classification approaches that have appeared in recent literature. A brief description of each category is provided in the following subsection.... ..."