after the Key Scheduling Algorithm. In this connection, we prove the anomaly in S0[128] = 127, a problem open for more than a decade. Other than proving the new biases, we also complete the proof for the extended keylength dependent biases in RC4, a problem attempted and partially solved by Isobe

, they identified some new significant short-term single-byte biases in RC4 keystream sequence, and utilized those, along-with existing biases, towards the TLS attack. The current article proves these new and unproved biases in RC4, and in the process discovers intricate non-randomness within the cipher

Abstract. Motivated by the work of AlFardan et al 2013, in this paper we present several results related to RC4 non-randomness in WPA. We first prove the interesting zig-zag distribution of the first byte and the similar nature for the biases in the initial keystream bytes to zero. As we note

Abstract. The first three bytes of the RC4 key in WPA are public as they are derived from the public parameter IV, and this derivation leads to a strong mutual dependence between the first two bytes of the RC4 key. In this paper, we provide a disciplined study of RC4 biases result-ing specifically

the observation by Mironov [CRYPTO 2002]. Further, the existence of positive biases towards zero for all the initial bytes 3 to 255 is proved and exploited towards a generalized broadcast attack on RC4 stream cipher.

The idea of quantum entanglement is borrowed from physics and developed into an algebraic argument to explain how double-blinding randomized controlled trials could lead to failure to provide unequivocal evidence for the efficacy of homeopathy, and inability to distinguish proving and placebo

We systematically derive the consistency relations associated to the non-linearly realized symmetries of theories with spontaneously broken conformal symmetry but with a linearly-realized de Sitter subalgebra. These identities relate (N+1)-point correlation functions with a soft external Goldstone

This paper describes one proposition about dynamic Markowitz portfolio selection in a two-country open economy. Here it is proved that, assuming that two countries in an open economy share the same risk absolute aversion coefficient and the same information set with some conditions, the portfolio

and backchase

function is optimal, and succeeds when β ≥ c / √ n foralargeenough constant c. The coin problem is open and interesting in models that cannot compute the majority function. In this paper we study the coin problem in the model of read-once width-w branching programs. We prove that in order to succeed