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Optimization (PSO) algorithms have been recently developed, with the best aim of escaping from local minima. One of these recent variations is PSO-LA model which employs a Learning Automata (LA) that controls the velocity of the particle. Another variation of PSO enables particles to dynamically search through global and local space. This paper presents a Dynamic Global and Local Combined Particle Swarm Optimization based on a 3-action Learning Automata (DPSOLA). The embedded learning automaton accumulates the information from individuals, local best and global best particles then combines them to navigate the particle through the problem space. The proposed algorithm has been tested on eight benchmark functions with different dimensions. The work is unique from its test bed; evaluations contain large population size (150) and high dimension (150). The results show that, fitness and convergence pace is better than traditional PSO, DGLCPSO and previous PSO based LA algorithms. I.

The gene TP53 (also known as protein 53 or tumor protein 53), encoding transcription factor P53, is mutated or deleted in half of human cancers, demonstrating the crucial role of P53 in tumor suppression. There are reports of nearly 250 inde-pendent germ line TP53 mutations in over 100 publications. The P53 protein has the structure of a transcription factor and, is made up of several domains. The main function of P53 is to organize cell defense against cancerous transformation. P53 is a potent transcription factor that is activated in response to diverse stresses, leading to the induction of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis or senescence. The P53 tumor suppressor is nega-tively regulated in cells by the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) protein. Murine double minute 2 favors its nuclear export, and stimulates its degradation. Inhibitors of the P53-MDM2 interaction might be attractive new anticancer agents that could be used to activate wild-type P53 in tumors. Down regulation of MDM2 using an small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach has recently provided evidence for a new role of MDM2 in the P53 response, by modulating the inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) by P21/WAF1 (also known as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 or CDK-interacting protein 1).

The aim of this study is identificationand ranking influence factors for shareholders decision to purchase common stock in Tehran Stock Exchange.The population of the study includes shareholders. The sample size of this research was set at 262 persons selected from companies were Tehran Stock Exchange. Data collection was done using a questionnaire with 37 items. In order to analyze the data resulted from collected questionnaires deductive and descriptive statistical methods are used, and to display some statistical data we used column diagram and in deductive level to test the hypothesis of the research we used t-test. The significance value in economic factor is 0.000, political factor is 0.001, psychological factor is 0.001 and financial factor is 0.000. Results shoes that estimated significance is less than.05. Therefore, we can confirm H1 and say that there is a significant difference influence factors for shareholders decision to purchase common stock (economic factors, political factors, psychological factors and financial factors) and the population mean.Findings show that all four hypotheses have significant influence to shareholders decision-making to purchase common stock. Keywords: Influence factors to shareholders decision, purchase common stock, Tehran stock exchange

Objective(s) The purpose of this study was assessment of the influence of acute manic phase on the steady state pharmacokinetics of valproic acid (VPA) in bipolar patients in comparison with those of epileptic patients. Materials and Methods Ninteen acutely manic and 25 epileptic patients who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria were entered in this prospective study. Blood samples were collected at trough time in steady state and plasma concentrations were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). VPA apparent oral clearance (CL/F) values were calculated in each patient and were compared between groups. As VPA clearance is affected by different factors such as age, total body weight, VPA dosage and the use of concurrent medications, all of these confounding factors were made similar in both groups. Results Comparison between two groups showed that CL/F values in acutely manic patients were significantly higher than epileptic patients (10.35±5.77 vs. 7.70±2.63 ml/kg/h, P = 0.047). Conclusion

Abstract- This paper presents a modification of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique based on cooperative behavior of swarms and learning ability of an automaton. This approach called the Cooperative Particle Swarm Optimization based on Learning Automata (CPSOLA). The CPSOLA algorithm uses three-layer cooperation: intra swarm, inter swarm and inter population. There are two active populations in CPSOLA. In the primary population, the particles are placed in all swarms and each swarm consist of multiple dimensions of search space. Also there is a secondary population in CPSOLA which is used the conventional PSO's updating format. In the upper layer of cooperation, the embedded Learning Automaton (LA) is responsible for deciding whether to cooperate between populations or not. Experiments are organized on five benchmark functions and results show notable performance and robustness of CPSOLA, cooperative behavior of swarms and successful adaptive control of populations.

Electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid catalyzed on cobalt hydroxide-modified glassy carbon electrode

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most frequent complications after cardiac surgery. It occurs in approximately 20 % to 35 % of patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and in more than 50% of patients after valve surgery (1). AF after cardiac surgery is a major cause of patients ’ morbidity and mortality. Moreover, it can prolong hospitalization and increase health care costs in these patients (2). Although many of potential risk factors for development of post-operative AF have previously been demonstrated in cardiac surgery patients (1); the result of a recent retrospective study conducted on 670 patients undergoing CABG showed that opium use is a new predictor of postoperative AF in these patients (3). Opium abuse is a serious health and social problem in many parts of the