with wavelengths from near-infrared (1 m) to ultraviolet wavelengths with a power law of one to three depending on the source 3, 25 , thus giving the brownish colour to the sky. Unlike the greenhouse effect of CO2, which leads to a positive radiative forcing of the atmosphere and at the surface 26 with moderate

galaxies at a mean redshift of 0.131, which, if included as part of the cluster, increases the velocity dispersion to 846 km/s. The central object of RX J1416.4+2315 is a normal elliptical galaxy, with no cD envelope. The luminosity function of the system, estimated by the number counts, and statistical

traded. This global nancial market works only partly according to market rules. It is shaped and moved by information turbulences of various origins, processed and transmitted almost instantly by tele-communicated, information systems, in the absence of the institutional regulation of global capital ows

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Nanomaterials are part of an industrial revolution to develop lightweight but strong materials for a variety of purposes. Singlewall carbon nanotubes are an important member of this class of materials. They structurally resemble rolled-up graphite sheets, usually with one end capped; individually

economic themes or investment styles in reallocating funds. Collectively, one can measure individual sentiment by looking at which funds receive inflows and which receive outflows, and can relate this sentiment to different stocks by examining the holdings of mutual funds. This paper tests whether

We study block-diagonal preconditioners and fast iterative solvers for indefinite two-by-two block linear systems with zero (2,2) block. Our preconditioners are derived from a splitting of the (1,1) block, A = D E, where the matrix D can be efficiently inverted. Dierent splittings lead to dierent

orthonormal basis. Description of a system of invariants of these matrices which enables one to find out whether the given operators are unitarily equivalent is the classical problem of the theory of invariants (see, e.g., [1, §2.2], [2] and the references cited therein). In the author’s paper [3] it is shown

We study the capacity of the full-duplex bidirectional (or two-way) relay channel with two nodes and one relay. The channels in the forward direction are assumed to be different (in general) than the channels in the backward direction, i.e. channel reciprocity is not assumed. We use the recently

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