Recent studies of eye movements in reading and other information processing tasks, such as music reading, typing, visual search, and scene perception, are reviewed. The major emphasis of the review is on reading as a specific example of cognitive processing. Basic topics discussed with respect

www.elsevier.com/locate/visres

Seeing the talker improves the intelligibility of speech degraded by noise (a visual speech enhancement effect). This experiment examined whether this enhancement is greater when the speech signals were recorded in noise compared to when they were recorded in quiet. Ten sentences were spoken by four people either in-quiet or whilst they were listening to cocktail party noise (in-noise). The visual speech of these talkers was measured using 24 facial markers and associated video clips filmed. Sixty participants were tested in a speech-in-noise identification experiment under four different conditions. Visual speech enhancement was measured by mean percent words correctly identified in the audiovisual minus auditory-only condition scores. After ceiling effects were curtailed the results showed that the audiovisual enhancement for speech signals recorded in noise (43%) was significantly greater than that for speech recorded in quiet (30%).

young animal or child perceives and identifies features in its envi-, roument in an apparently effortless way. No presently known algorithms even approach this flexible, generalpurpose perceptual capability. Discovering the principles that may underlie perceptual processing is important both

We present algorithms for coupling and training hidden Markov models (HMMs) to model interacting processes, and demonstrate their superiority to conventional HMMs in a vision task classifying two-handed actions. HMMs are perhaps the most successful framework in perceptual computing for modeling

Behavioral evidence supports a dissociation between response selection (stimulus-to-response mapping) and perceptual discrimination: the former may be subject to a central processing bottleneck, whereas the latter is not (Pashler, 1994). We previously (Jiang & Kanwisher, submitted) identified a

In this paper, we propose a computational model of the recognition of real world scenes that bypasses the segmentation and the processing of individual objects or regions. The procedure is based on a very low dimensional representation of the scene, that we term the Spatial Envelope. We propose a

explains how they are integrated to produce coherent cognition. The perceptual-motor modules, the goal module, and the declarative memory module are presented as examples of specialized systems in ACT-R. These modules are associated with distinct cortical regions. These modules place chunks in buffers

The perceptual recognition of objects is conceptualized to be a process in which the image of the input is segmented at regions of deep concavity into an arrangement of simple geometric components, such as blocks, cylinders, wedges, and cones. The fundamental assumption of the proposed theory

.i.d.) Gaussian random vector that is imperceptibly inserted in a spread-spectrum-like fashion into the perceptually most significant spectral components of the data. We argue that insertion of a watermark under this regime makes the watermark robust to signal processing operations (such as lossy compression