Results 1 - 10 of 1,618

Energy and Water Cycle Experiment-Surface Radiation Budget (GEWEX-SRB) and

by Zhuoqi Chen
"... [1] This paper presents a scheme to examine the accuracy of albedos used in two operational satellite-based radiation data sets over the Tibetan Plateau (TP): the Global ..."
Abstract - Add to MetaCart
[1] This paper presents a scheme to examine the accuracy of albedos used in two operational satellite-based radiation data sets over the Tibetan Plateau (TP): the Global

A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications I. Hydrologic balance, canopy gas exchange and primary production processes

by Steven W. Running, Joseph C. Coughlan - Ecol. Modell , 1988
"... Running, S.W. and Coughlan, J.C., 1988. A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications. I. Hydrologic balance, canopy gas exchange and primary production processes. Ecol. Modelling, 42: 125-154. An ecosystem process model is described that calculates the carbon, water and ni ..."
Abstract - Cited by 291 (13 self) - Add to MetaCart
Running, S.W. and Coughlan, J.C., 1988. A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications. I. Hydrologic balance, canopy gas exchange and primary production processes. Ecol. Modelling, 42: 125-154. An ecosystem process model is described that calculates the carbon, water

Aerosol, climate and the hydrological cycle,

by V Ramanathan , P J Crutzen , J T Kiehl , D Rosenfeld - Science, , 2001
"... Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere. These human-made aerosols enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation. They also produce brighter clouds that are less efficient at releasing precipitation. These in turn lead to large reductions in the amount of ..."
Abstract - Cited by 202 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
of solar irradiance reaching Earth's surface, a corresponding increase in solar heating of the atmosphere, changes in the atmospheric temperature structure, suppression of rainfall, and less efficient removal of pollutants. These aerosol effects can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects

G.: Primary production of the biosphere: Integrating terrestrial and oceanic components

by Christopher B. Field, Michael J. Behrenfeld, James T. R, Paul Falkowski - Science , 1998
"... Integrating conceptually similar models of the growth of marine and terrestrial primary producers yielded an estimated global net primary production (NPP) of 104.9 petagrams of carbon per year, with roughly equal contributions from land and oceans. Approaches based on satellite indices of absorbed s ..."
Abstract - Cited by 248 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
solar ra-diation indicate marked heterogeneity in NPP for both land and oceans, re-flecting the influence of physical and ecological processes. The spatial and temporal distributions of ocean NPP are consistent with primary limitation by light, nutrients, and temperature. On land, water limitation

Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon,

by V Ramanathan , G Carmichael - Nat. Geosci., , 2008
"... Figure 1: Global distribution of BC sources and radiative forcing. a, BC emission strength in tons per year from a study by Bond et al. Full size image (42 KB) Review Nature Geoscience 1, 221 -227 (2008 Black carbon in soot is the dominant absorber of visible solar radiation in the atmosphere. Ant ..."
Abstract - Cited by 228 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
to dimming at the Earth's surface with important implications for the hydrological cycle, and the deposition of black carbon darkens snow and ice surfaces, which can contribute to melting, in particular of Arctic sea ice. Black carbon (BC) is an important part of the combustion product commonly referred

Surface radiation budgets in support of the GEWEX

by ; ) Pinker , J Dan Tarpley ; Istvan Laszlo , ; Kenneth , E Mitchell ; Paul , R Houser ; Lifeng Luo - Continental Scale International Project (GCIP) and the GEWEX Americas Prediction Project (GAPP), including the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS , 2003
"... Office of Hydrologic Development (NOAA/NWS) Background Information on the spatial and temporal distribution of surface and top of the atmosphere (TOA) radiation budget is required for modeling the hydrologic cycle, for representing interactions and feedbacks between the atmosphere and the terrestr ..."
Abstract - Cited by 15 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
Office of Hydrologic Development (NOAA/NWS) Background Information on the spatial and temporal distribution of surface and top of the atmosphere (TOA) radiation budget is required for modeling the hydrologic cycle, for representing interactions and feedbacks between the atmosphere

Earth’s annual global mean energy budget

by J. T. Kiehl, Kevin E. Trenberth - Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc , 1997
"... The purpose of this paper is to put forward a new estimate, in the context of previous assessments, of the annual global mean energy budget. A description is provided of the source of each component to this budget. The top-ofatmosphere shortwave and longwave flux of energy is constrained by satellit ..."
Abstract - Cited by 141 (10 self) - Add to MetaCart
it is 32 W m −2. Clouds alter these values, and the effects of clouds on both the longwave and shortwave budget are addressed. In particular, the shielding effect by clouds on absorption and emission by water vapor is as large as the direct cloud forcing. Because the net surface heat budget must balance

Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES): An earth observing system experiment

by Bruce A. Wielicki, Bruce R. Barkstrom, Bryan A. Baum, Thomas P. Charlock, Richard N. Green, David P. Kratz, Robert B. Lee, Patrick Minnis, G. Louis Smith, Takmeng Wong, David F. Young, Robert D. Cess, James A. Coakley, Dominique A. H. Crommelynck, Leo Donner, Robert K, Michael D. King, Alvin J. Miller, Veerabhadran Ramanathan, David A. R, Larry L. Stowe, Ronald M. Welch
"... CERES objectives include the following. 1) For climate change analysis, provide a continuation of the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) record of radiative fluxes at the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA), analyzed using the same techniques as the existing ERBE data. 2) Double the accuracy of estima ..."
Abstract - Cited by 178 (13 self) - Add to MetaCart
CERES objectives include the following. 1) For climate change analysis, provide a continuation of the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) record of radiative fluxes at the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA), analyzed using the same techniques as the existing ERBE data. 2) Double the accuracy

Simulated climatology of a general circulation model with a hydrological cycle

by Syukuro Manabe, Joseph Smagorinsky - Mon. Wea. Rev , 1965
"... The thermal and dynamical structure of the tropical atmosphere which emerged from the numerical integration of our general circulation model with a simple hydrologic cycle is analyzed in detail. According to the results of our analysis, the lapse rate of zonal mean temperature in the model Tropics i ..."
Abstract - Cited by 142 (13 self) - Add to MetaCart
in the central core of the regions of strong upward motion, sometimes reaching the level of the tropical tropopause and thus heating the upper tropical troposphere. This heating compensates for thc cooling due to radiation and the meridional circulation. According to the analysis of the energy budget

MUREX: A land-surface field experiment to study the annual cycle of the energy and water budgets

by J. -c. Calvet, P. Bessemoulin, J. Noilhan, C. Berne, I. Braud, D. Courault, N. Fritz, E. Gonzalez-sosa, A. Olioso, J. -l. Roujean, J. -l. Thony, C. Tosca, M. Vauclin, D. Vignes - Ann. Geophys , 1999
"... Abstract. The MUREX (monitoring the usable soil reservoir experimentally) experiment was designed to provide continuous time series of field data over a long period, in order to improve and validate the Soil-vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) parameterisat-ions employed in meteorological models. ..."
Abstract - Cited by 13 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
. Intensive measurements were performed for more than three years over fallow farmland in southwestern France. To capture the main processes controlling land-atmosphere exchanges, the local climate was fully characterised, and surface water and energy fluxes, vegetation biomass, soil moisture profiles
Results 1 - 10 of 1,618