"... In PAGE 11: ... 11 Once it is acknowledged that a wide range of incentive instruments have legitimate and important roles to play in an Oceans Policy, it is possible to move beyond an `either or apos; debate and ask how: which current policies provide perverse incentives and therefore must be removed? And: in what circumstances, and in what combinations can regulation, economic mechanisms and other instruments achieve optimal policy outcomes? Table1 lists a range of instruments available for consideration in a policy package for Oceans management and use. An appropriate selection of these instruments will be explored in detail in Section3 of this report.... ..."

"... In PAGE 17: ...able 3-5. Energy Potential Factors for Sacramento PV Systems.......................................... 3-12 Table4 -1.... In PAGE 17: ...able 4-1. Utility Benefits Evaluated....................................................................................... 4-1 Table4 -2.... In PAGE 17: ...able 4-2. Cases Evaluated.....................................................................................................4-2 Table4 -3.... In PAGE 17: ...able 4-3. Economic Assumptions.......................................................................................... 4-2 Table4 -4.... In PAGE 17: ...able 4-4. Utility Benefits of Tracking PV ($/kW, 1996). ....................................................... 4-4 Table4 -5.... In PAGE 17: ...able 4-5. Utility Benefits of Fixed PV ($/kW, 1996). ............................................................ 4-6 Table4 -6.... In PAGE 17: ...able 4-6. Total Benefits for 1996: Present Value ($/kW) and Levelized ($/kWh, nominal) ... 4-8 Table4 -7.... In PAGE 17: ...able 4-7. Levelized Benefits for Year 2000 (1996$, nominal)................................................ 4-9 Table4 -8.... In PAGE 38: ... Utility Benefits This section presents the calculation of benefits delivered by distributed PV systems to the District. Table4 -1 presents a list of these benefits with a brief description. The premise is that the aggregate, or quot;stacking quot;, of benefits yields the total value of distributed PV for utility-owned systems.... In PAGE 38: ...ystems. The total benefits can then be translated into the break-even PV system price. Alternatively, the total benefits can be converted into a levelized energy value. As summarized in Table4 -2, utility benefits are evaluated for two PV system types interconnected at four different T amp;D voltage levels and sited within 14 different distribution planning areas. This section focuses on the benefits results.... In PAGE 38: ... The section quot;Utility Benefits Supporting Analysis quot; provides methodological details. Table4 -1. Utility Benefits Evaluated Benefits Description Energy Avoided marginal cost of systemwide energy production Capacity Avoided marginal cost of systemwide generation capacity Distribution Distribution capacity investment deferral Sub-Transmission Sub-Transmission capacity investment deferral Bulk-Transmission Transmission capacity investment deferral Losses Electric loss reduction (accounted for in each benefit) REPI Renewable Energy Production Incentive.... In PAGE 39: ... Table4 -2. Cases Evaluated Utility and Location Sacramento Municipal Utility District, Sacramento, CA PV system types PV Pioneer: Fixed flatplate residential rooftop system, tilted at 20 deg, composite orientation of 30 deg west of south Grid-Support: Horizontal north-south single-axis tracking flatplate, substation system Interconnection levels Bulk-Transmission (230kV), Sub-Transmission (69, 115kV), Primary Distribution (21, 12, 4kV), Secondary Distribution (below 4kV) Distribution Planning Areas 14 (per the District apos;s 1995 Marginal Cost Update report) 4.... In PAGE 39: ...1 ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS AND INPUT DATA The majority of the data and economic assumptions used in this study were obtained in meetings with District personnel and from District documents including the 1995 Marginal Cost Update, 1995 Integrated Resource Plan, and Five Year Distribution System Business Plan (SMUD 1995a- i). Table4 -3 presents the main economic assumptions for the baseline analysis. Other District- specific data used in the study can be found in various subsections throughout this report and in the Appendix.... In PAGE 40: ... The range is a result of variations in T amp;D deferral benefits and reduced electric losses. Table4 -4 and Figure 4-2 present the benefits data and percentages by category. Significant benefits have been determined for service revenues derived from a new PV manufacturing plant, externalities including fuel price risk mitigation, and Renewable Energy Production Incentive (REPI) payments.... In PAGE 41: ...igure 4-1. Utility benefits of tracking PV systems vs. T amp;D voltage levels. Table4 -4. Utility Benefits of Tracking PV ($/kW, 1996).... In PAGE 42: ... The total benefits range between $2,500-$2,800/kW. Table4 -5 and Figure 4-4 present the benefits data and percentages by category. As with substation-sited tracking PV systems, significant benefits have been determined for service revenues derived from a new PV manufacturing plant, externalities including fuel price risk mitigation, and REPI payments.... In PAGE 43: ...igure 4-3. Utility benefits of fixed PV systems vs. T amp;D voltage levels. Table4 -5. Utility Benefits of Fixed PV ($/kW, 1996).... In PAGE 44: ... The present value of benefits, in 1996 dollars, range from $2,600/kW to $3,300/kW, depending on system type and interconnection location. These values are shown in the shaded cells of Table4 -6. Table 4-6 also shows the total benefits in 30-yr levelized formats based on capacity factors of 24.... In PAGE 44: ...7% and 20.3% for tracking and fixed PV systems, respectively, and the economic assumptions of Table4 -3. The benefits of Table 4-6 must be balanced against the costs of purchasing, operating, and maintaining PV systems to determine economic viability.... In PAGE 44: ...hows the total benefits in 30-yr levelized formats based on capacity factors of 24.7% and 20.3% for tracking and fixed PV systems, respectively, and the economic assumptions of Table 4-3. The benefits of Table4 -6 must be balanced against the costs of purchasing, operating, and maintaining PV systems to determine economic viability. See the Commercialization Strategies section for PV system economics.... In PAGE 44: ... See the Commercialization Strategies section for PV system economics. Table4 -7 and Table 4-8 present the total levelized benefits, in nominal and real 1996 dollars, over different periods of performance, assuming a year 2000 starting date. The levelized benefits range from about $0.... In PAGE 45: ... Utility benefits of tracking amp; fixed PV at distribution voltages. Table4 -6. Total Benefits for 1996: Present Value ($/kW) and Levelized ($/kWh, nominal)21 Bulk Transmission Sub Transmission Primary Distribution Secondary Distribution Tracking PV ($/kW) $2,950 $2,990 $3,110 $3,280 Fixed PV ($/kW) $2,510 $2,540 $2,640 $2,810 Tracking PV ($/kWh) $0.... In PAGE 45: ...115 $0.122 21 Based on the benefits in Table4 -4 and Table 4-5, capacity factors of 20.3% and 24.... In PAGE 45: ...3% and 24.7% for fixed and tracking PV systems per Table4... In PAGE 46: ... Table4 -7. Levelized Benefits for Year 2000 (1996$, nominal)22 Levelized Benefits for Resources at These Voltage Levels ($/kWh) Study Period Bulk Transmission Sub Transmission Primary Distribution Secondary Distribution Tracking PV 10-yr $0.... In PAGE 46: ...118 $0.124 Table4 -8. Levelized Benefits for Year 2000 (1996$, real)23 Levelized Benefits for Resources at These Voltage Levels ($/kWh) Study Period Bulk Transmission Sub Transmission Primary Distribution Secondary Distribution Tracking PV 10-yr 0.... In PAGE 46: ... The PV plant has no salvage value at the end of the study period. Economic assumptions of Table4 -3 are used, except for the variation in study period duration. Values are based on a nominal discount rate of 6.... In PAGE 46: ...ased on a nominal discount rate of 6.6% which includes inflation. Values are presented in nominal, or current, dollars. 23 Same comment per Table4 -7, only based on a real discount rate of 2.9%, thereby removing inflation.... ..."

"... In PAGE 11: ... Cost Per Square Foot of Renovation Reported in this Survey 12 Table 4. Cost Difference Between Renovation and New Building 12 Table5 . Available Incentives 13 ... In PAGE 26: ... In that arrangement a developer is allowed to build a taller building on some other site in return for saving an existing building. Table5 indicates some of the incentives available at the municipal level but shows that Federal and Provincial funds are also a growing factor in the financing of restoration and reuse. One of the ways that governments can become involved in reuse projects is as tenants.... ..."

"... In PAGE 15: ... 14 not refrain from overhauling the decisions of the agencies, not only on procedural but also on substantive grounds (Pinheiro 2001, Table2 2). Table 5.... ..."

"... In PAGE 5: ... Correlations, per responding expert, of number of answers provided with the price of the answer, the tip (gratuity) and the rating (in stars). Table2 indicates a correlation between economic incentive (price) and amount of questions answered. Tips are only very weakly correlated, and the socially constructed ratings are not correlated at all.... In PAGE 5: ... Of those, just under half (for a total of 17,609 or one quarter of the entire database) generated conversation (interactivity) beyond a single shot reaction. The upshot of these preliminary findings are that, when interaction is present (answers with comments, Table2 ), the social parameters of rating and comments contribute incentives to the ... ..."

"... In PAGE 3: ... Two public institutions are respon- sible for the long-term financial incen- tives offered to the software industry: FINEP and BNDES. Table3 presents these incentives. Offering loan guaran- tees to IT companies derives from the difficulties these companies have maintaining tangible assets such as buildings or capital goods.... ..."

"... In PAGE 20: ... 5.2 Characteristics of Incentive Patterns The main properties of the proposed incentive patterns are summarized in Table1 . A comparison of the community pattern and the banking pattern is found in [1].... ..."